The Bird–Meertens formalism, also known as the Bird-Meertens algebra or the functional programming algebra, is a framework for defining and reasoning about algorithms in a high-level, mathematical way. It was developed primarily by two computer scientists, Richard Bird and Lambert Meertens. This formalism is particularly associated with functional programming and emphasizes the use of high-level abstractions to express algorithms in a way that is both concise and amenable to transformation.

Molecular Informatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines principles from chemistry, biology, and computer science to analyze and interpret molecular data. It leverages computational tools and techniques to handle large datasets related to molecular structures, interactions, and biological functions. Here are some key aspects of Molecular Informatics: 1. **Data Management**: Molecular Informatics involves the organization, storage, and retrieval of molecular data, including information about chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, and biochemical assays.

BISC stands for "Biobanks and Imaging Study of Children." It refers to a type of database that focuses on collecting and managing data related to biobanking and imaging studies, particularly in pediatric populations. These databases typically include biological samples (such as blood, saliva, or tissue) and imaging data (like MRI, CT scans, or X-rays) used for research purposes.

Geoff Tootill is not a widely recognized public figure, and there is limited information available about him in popular media or public records as of my last training cut-off in October 2023. It’s possible that he may be a local figure, a professional in a specific field, or a private individual.

The list of Chinese mathematicians includes prominent figures throughout history who have made significant contributions to various fields of mathematics. Here are some notable Chinese mathematicians: 1. **Zhang Heng (78–139)** - An astronomer, mathematician, and inventor known for his work on early mathematics and his invention of the seismoscope. 2. **Sunzi (Sun Tzu) (c.

Yusu Wang appears to refer to a specific individual, but there may not be widely known or publicly available information about them as of my last update in October 2023.

A Bjerrum defect refers to a type of point defect in ionic crystals, specifically concerning the arrangement and behavior of ions within the crystal lattice. It is named after the Danish physicist Niels Bjerrum, who studied such defects in detail. In ionic crystals, a Bjerrum defect typically arises due to a pair of neighboring ions, where one ion is missing (vacancy), and an adjacent ion becomes charged (often referred to as a "half" defect).

Bivariant theory is a concept in algebraic topology and homotopy theory that studies the relationships between different homological or homotopical invariants using a bivariant framework. It essentially generalizes classical invariant theory (like cohomology and homology) to consider pairs of spaces or pairs of morphisms, allowing for a more nuanced and flexible understanding of how different spaces can interact.

The term "Black Book" in the context of gambling generally refers to a list maintained by casinos of individuals who are banned or excluded from gambling on their premises. These individuals may be banned for various reasons, including cheating, theft, or other behavior that violates the casino's policies. The Black Book serves as a tool for casinos to protect their interests and maintain a safe and fair gambling environment.

Waldo K. Lyon is a notable figure known primarily for his contributions to the field of ice research and glaciology. He is recognized for his work in the development and use of ice-penetrating radar, which has been instrumental in studying ice sheets and glaciers. Lyon's research has provided valuable insights into the dynamics of ice and its interactions with the environment, contributing to our understanding of climate change and its effects on polar regions.

In networking, a "black hole" typically refers to a situation where data packets are sent to a destination that does not respond, resulting in those packets being effectively lost without any notification or error message back to the sender. This phenomenon can happen for various reasons, such as misconfigured routers, firewall rules blocking traffic, or network congestion that leads to dropped packets. **Key Characteristics of Networking Black Holes:** 1.

"Black Mathematicians and Their Works" generally refers to the contributions and achievements of Black mathematicians throughout history and their impact on the field of mathematics. It highlights the work of numerous individuals who have made significant strides in various areas of mathematics, ranging from theoretical work to applied mathematics and education.

Black oxide is a conversion coating used to provide corrosion resistance and a decorative finish to metal surfaces, primarily steel and iron. The process involves oxidizing the metal surface to produce a layer of magnetite (Fe₃O₄), which gives the metal a distinctive dark, black appearance.

A phase qubit is a type of quantum bit (qubit) used in quantum computing that relies on the phase of a superconducting circuit for its encoding of quantum information. Unlike traditional qubits, which may represent states as 0 and 1 based on energy levels (e.g., in a transmon qubit), phase qubits utilize the quantum mechanical property of phase to represent information.

The Black Sea Biogeographic Region is a distinct ecological and biogeographic area characterized by its unique flora and fauna, largely influenced by the climatic, geological, and hydrological conditions of the Black Sea and its surrounding terrestrial environments. This region encompasses the Black Sea itself, as well as the coastal areas and adjacent ecosystems, including parts of Eastern Europe and Western Asia.

medium.com/left-right/the-education-system-is-about-to-implode-5c95f774b523 The Education System is About to Implode by Nicholas Budny (2020)

In the context of roads and pavements, "bleeding" refers to a condition where the asphalt binder rises to the surface of the pavement, creating a sticky and often shiny appearance. This phenomenon occurs primarily due to the following reasons: 1. **Excessive Heat**: High temperatures, particularly during warm weather, can cause the asphalt binder to soften and flow upwards, especially in areas where traffic is heavy.

Bloom filters are a probabilistic data structure used for efficiently testing whether an element is a member of a set. They are particularly useful in scenarios where space efficiency is a priority and where false positives are acceptable but false negatives are not. In the context of bioinformatics, Bloom filters have several important applications, including: 1. **Sequence Data Handling**: With the massive amounts of genomic and metagenomic data generated by sequencing technologies, storage and processing efficiency is paramount.

In geometry, "blooming" refers to a specific phenomenon related to the visual perception of shapes and patterns, particularly in mathematical visualization and modeling. While the term is not widely established in geometry as a standard concept, it is often used in contexts involving the exploration of geometric properties through the use of mathematical principles. Blooming can refer to the way certain geometric forms or configurations can expand or transform to reveal new properties, symmetries, or structures.