Hacking in the 1990s was a complex and evolving phenomenon that encompassed a range of activities, motivations, and communities. Here are some key aspects of hacking during that decade: ### 1. **Emerging Internet Culture**: - The 1990s saw the rapid expansion of the internet, moving from academic and government use to public accessibility. This expansion created a new environment for hackers to explore.

The term "2000s internet outages" generally refers to various disruptions and service interruptions that occurred during the 2000s, a decade that saw significant growth in internet usage and technology. These outages could be attributed to numerous factors, including: 1. **Network Infrastructure Failures**: As internet service providers (ISPs) expanded their networks to accommodate growing user demand, outages sometimes occurred due to hardware failures, software glitches, or misconfigurations.

In the context of computing, "2007" can refer to a few different things depending on the context: 1. **Microsoft Office 2007**: One of the most notable releases from that year was Microsoft Office 2007, which introduced the Ribbon interface and significantly updated features and file formats. This version marked a significant change in how users interacted with Office applications.

Several programming languages were created in the 2000s that have had a significant impact on the software development landscape. Here are some notable examples: 1. **C# (2000)** - Developed by Microsoft, C# is a versatile language widely used for building Windows applications and games using the .NET framework. 2. **D (2001)** - Designed as a successor to C++, D incorporates features from multiple languages, focusing on performance and productivity.

In computing, "2010" can refer to various things, but it most commonly relates to the release of software products and technologies during that year. Here are a few notable mentions: 1. **Microsoft Office 2010**: One of the most significant releases in 2010, Microsoft Office 2010 introduced new features and a revamped interface across its suite of applications, including Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook.

In computing, "2016" may refer to several different things depending on the context: 1. **Year**: It could simply refer to the year 2016, which saw various developments in technology, software, and hardware. Notable events include the release of Windows 10 as a standard operating system, advancements in machine learning, and the growing popularity of cloud computing.

In the context of computing, "2017" could refer to several things depending on the specific area of interest: 1. **Technological Advancements**: The year 2017 saw significant developments in various areas of computing, including advances in artificial intelligence, machine learning, cloud computing, and cybersecurity. Notable events included the rapid rise in popularity of deep learning techniques and improvements in natural language processing.

The 2010s was a transformative decade for the video game industry, marked by significant advancements in technology, game design, and distribution methods. Here are some key trends and developments from that period: 1. **Rise of Indie Games**: The 2010s saw a surge in independent game development. Platforms like Steam, consoles' digital storefronts, and tools such as Unity and Unreal Engine democratized game development.

The 2020s have experienced several notable internet outages that affected millions of users globally. Here are some key instances: 1. **Zoom Outage (2020)**: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Zoom saw significant outages in April 2020, impacting users who relied on the platform for remote work and virtual gatherings.

In computing, "2022" could refer to several different contexts, depending on what you are specifically interested in. Here are a few possibilities: 1. **Developments in Technology**: 2022 saw continued advancements in various fields, including artificial intelligence, cloud computing, cybersecurity, and edge computing. Technologies such as 5G, machine learning, and blockchain continued to evolve and be integrated into various applications.

As of my last update in October 2023, several programming languages have been created or gained notable traction in the 2020s. Here are a few examples: 1. **Lilypond**: Although the original version predates the 2020s, Lilypond has undergone significant updates and gained new features that have made it a popular choice for music engraving.

Several computer companies were disestablished in 1952, primarily as the industry was still in its early stages and underwent significant changes. One notable example is the **UNIVAC Division of Sperry Rand**. While UNIVAC itself did not completely shut down, the division underwent changes that eventually led to its integration into other companies or its transformation as technologies advanced.

In 1958, several computer companies were disestablished or ceased operations due to various reasons, including mergers, acquisitions, or market changes. One notable example is **General Motors Research Laboratories' computer division**, which was integrated into other parts of the company or moved away from computer production. The landscape of the computer industry was rapidly evolving during this period, and many companies that could not keep pace with advancements or competition were forced to close.

State-sponsored internet propaganda refers to the use of online platforms and digital media by government entities or organizations backed by the state to promote specific political agendas, shape public perception, or influence public opinion. This form of propaganda can take various forms, including: 1. **Disinformation campaigns**: Deliberately spreading false or misleading information to influence public opinion or disrupt social cohesion.

A TXT record (Text Record) is a type of Resource Record in the Domain Name System (DNS) that allows the association of text-based information with a domain name. TXT records can store any arbitrary text string and are used primarily for providing additional information about a domain. Common uses for TXT records include: 1. **SPF (Sender Policy Framework)**: TXT records can specify which mail servers are permitted to send email on behalf of a domain, helping to combat email spoofing.

Mean Signed Deviation (MSD) is a statistical measure that quantifies the average of the signed differences between observed values and a central measure, such as the mean or median. Unlike the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), which takes the absolute values of the deviations to avoid cancellation, the Mean Signed Deviation retains the positive and negative signs of the differences.

The term "service companies by year of disestablishment" generally refers to various service-oriented businesses that have ceased operations in specific years. This could encompass a wide range of industries such as hospitality, retail, banking, and technology. Unfortunately, there isn't a comprehensive list publicly available that categorizes service companies by their year of disestablishment, as it can vary greatly by region and sector.

IBM, or International Business Machines Corporation, has a rich history that spans over a century, marked by innovation, evolution, and a significant impact on the technology landscape. Here are key milestones in IBM's history: ### Early Years (1888 - 1924) - **1888**: IBM's roots can be traced back to the establishment of Bundy Manufacturing Company, which produced time recording systems.

Copland was an operating system developed by Apple Computer in the early 1990s as part of their effort to enhance Mac OS. It was designed to be a modern operating system featuring a more advanced architecture than its predecessors, particularly aiming to provide preemptive multitasking, virtual memory, and better support for memory management and application development. The development of Copland was ambitious, with the goal of integrating features that would allow it to compete with other contemporary operating systems.

iPadOS 13 is the operating system version specifically designed for iPads, introduced by Apple in September 2019. It builds upon iOS 13 but is tailored to enhance the iPad experience, providing features and functionalities optimized for larger screens and productivity use. Some key highlights of iPadOS 13 include: 1. **Improved Multitasking**: iPadOS 13 introduced new features for multitasking, allowing users to work with multiple apps more efficiently.