Vanguarda Paulistana refers to a cultural movement that emerged in São Paulo, Brazil, primarily during the 1980s. It is often associated with various artistic and literary practices that sought to challenge traditional norms and push the boundaries of creative expression. The movement encompassed a variety of art forms, including visual arts, theater, literature, and music, and was characterized by experimental approaches and a focus on modernity.

Probability fallacies are misconceptions or errors in reasoning related to probabilities, often leading individuals to draw incorrect conclusions based on how they interpret statistical information or probability outcomes. These fallacies stem from human intuition and cognitive biases, which can distort understanding of probability and risk. Here are some common examples of probability fallacies: 1. **Gambler's Fallacy**: This fallacy involves the belief that past independent events affect the likelihood of future independent events.

Secret sharing is a cryptographic technique that allows a secret (e.g., a piece of information, a key) to be divided into multiple parts, where only a specific subset of those parts can be used to reconstruct the secret. This technique is useful for enhancing security by distributing trust among multiple parties. The Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) is a concept from number theory that provides a way to solve systems of simultaneous congruences with different moduli.

Source attribution is the process of identifying the origin or source of a particular piece of information, material, or data. This concept is prevalent in various fields, including science, journalism, and academia, where it is crucial to acknowledge the sources of information to ensure credibility, accuracy, and transparency. In scientific research, source attribution often refers to determining the origins of specific phenomena or data points, such as identifying the sources of pollution in environmental studies or pinpointing the origins of infections in epidemiology.

A secure telephone is a communication device designed to ensure the privacy and confidentiality of voice conversations. These phones typically employ various encryption techniques to protect the content of calls from eavesdropping, interception, or unauthorized access. Secure telephones are commonly used by government agencies, military organizations, and businesses that handle sensitive information.

A tsunami is a series of ocean waves with very long wavelengths caused by large-scale disturbances of the ocean, such as underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. Unlike regular ocean waves that are generated by winds and are typically limited to the surface of the water, tsunamis can travel across entire oceans and reach immense heights and speeds. When a disturbance displaces a large volume of water, it creates waves that can propagate outward in all directions.