Phototendering is not a widely recognized term in established disciplines like photography, technology, or finance. However, it might refer to specific processes or concepts in niche areas.

Ledeburite is a mixture of eutectic composition that occurs in some steel and cast iron alloys. It consists of a combination of two phases: austenite and cementite (Fe₃C) in the steel structure. Ledeburite forms during the solidification of cast iron and is particularly significant in the study of the microstructure of cast iron and steel. The formation of ledeburite typically occurs at a specific carbon content (around 4.

Fusible alloys, also known as low-melting alloys, are metallic alloys that have melting points significantly lower than those of their constituent metals. These alloys typically melt at temperatures below 300°C (572°F), and some can even melt at room temperature. The low melting point makes them useful in a variety of applications, especially in industries where precise melting is required.

Biohydrometallurgy is an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to metal extraction that utilizes biological organisms, such as bacteria and archaea, to facilitate the recovery of metals from ores and other materials. This process leverages the natural metabolic activities of these microorganisms, which can mobilize metals from minerals or concentrate them from low-grade ores through mechanisms such as bioleaching and biomining.

Depletion gilding is a metalworking technique used to enhance the surface of a gold alloy, typically gold mixed with a certain percentage of other metals such as copper or silver. The process involves removing some of the metal that is not gold from the surface to increase the concentration of gold itself, thus resulting in a more visually appealing surface that appears richer and more yellow or gold in color.

A calciothermic reaction is a type of thermochemical reaction that involves the reduction of metal oxides using calcium as the reducing agent. In these reactions, calcium metal acts to reduce metal oxides to their respective metals, while itself being oxidized to form calcium oxide (CaO).

Chemical metallurgy is a branch of metallurgy that focuses on the chemical processes involved in the extraction and purification of metals from their ores, as well as the study of the chemical properties of metals and their alloys. It encompasses various principles of chemistry and engineering to optimize the production and recovery of metals.

Compacted oxide layer glaze refers to a type of ceramic glaze that forms a compact layer of metal oxides on the surface of a ceramic piece. This glaze is typically developed through processes such as oxidation, reduction, or specific firing schedules that cause the metal oxides in the glaze to interact in a way that creates a dense, compact layer.

Corrosion engineering is a field of engineering that focuses on the study and management of corrosion, which is the deterioration of materials (usually metals) due to chemical, electrochemical, or environmental reactions. This discipline is critical in many industries, including construction, automotive, aerospace, oil and gas, and infrastructure, as it addresses the financial and safety impacts of material degradation. Key aspects of corrosion engineering include: 1. **Understanding Corrosion Mechanisms**: Engineers study the various types of corrosion (e.

Ionometallurgy is a branch of metallurgy that focuses on the extraction and purification of metals through the use of ionic species. This field combines principles of electrochemistry, materials science, and metallurgy to develop processes for recovering metals from ores, secondary materials, or waste products. In ionometallurgy, ionic processes are utilized to selectively dissolve metals from their solid forms, typically using ionic liquids or aqueous electrolytes.

The **Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B** is an academic journal that focuses on the fields of mining and metallurgy. It publishes research articles, reviews, and other scholarly contributions that cover various aspects of these disciplines, including but not limited to mineral processing, metallurgy, materials science, and engineering applications related to mining and metals.

In the context of precious metals, particularly gold and silver, "lot" often refers to a specific quantity or grouping of an item that is being sold or auctioned. Fineness, on the other hand, indicates the purity of a precious metal alloy, typically expressed in parts per thousand. For example: - Gold that is 24 karats is considered pure gold, with a fineness of 999 (or 99.9% pure).

Uranium metallurgy refers to the processes and techniques involved in the extraction, processing, and manipulation of uranium and its alloys for various applications, particularly in the nuclear energy sector. This field encompasses several stages, including mining, refining, fabrication, and recycling of uranium materials. Here are some key aspects: 1. **Extraction**: Uranium is primarily obtained through mining processes, which can include conventional mining, in-situ leaching, or heap leaching.

Artificial dielectrics, often referred to in the context of metamaterials, are materials engineered to have specific electromagnetic properties that are not typically found in natural materials. These substances are designed to manipulate electromagnetic waves in ways that traditional dielectrics cannot. Key characteristics of artificial dielectrics include: 1. **Tailored Electromagnetic Properties**: Artificial dielectrics can exhibit unique dielectric constants and refractive indices by controlling their structure at the microscopic or nanoscopic level.

Electromagnetic metasurfaces are engineered materials that manipulate electromagnetic waves in novel ways. They are typically composed of arrays of subwavelength-sized structures, called meta-atoms, that can be designed to have specific resonant properties. These structures can be made from various materials, including metals, dielectrics, or a combination thereof, and can alter the amplitude, phase, and polarization of incident electromagnetic waves.

A metamaterial absorber is a type of engineered material designed to absorb electromagnetic waves, such as light or radio waves, across a broad range of frequencies. These materials are not found in nature; rather, they are constructed from arrays of small, artificially designed structures—often termed "unit cells"—that have unique properties that arise from their geometry rather than their composition.

Plasmonic metamaterials are engineered materials that manipulate electromagnetic waves at scales smaller than the wavelength of light, leveraging the principle of surface plasmon resonance. They typically consist of metallic nanostructures, which can support surface plasmons—coherent oscillations of free electrons at the interface between a metal and a dielectric (non-metal) material.

Terahertz metamaterial refers to a class of artificially engineered materials designed to manipulate electromagnetic waves in the terahertz frequency range, which spans approximately from 0.1 to 10 THz (about 300 GHz to 30 THz). Metamaterials are structured materials with properties that are not typically found in nature, achieved by designing their internal structures at scales comparable to the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves they interact with.

InvenSense, Inc. was a semiconductor company that specialized in motion tracking and sensor technology. Founded in 2003, the company was known for its MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) gyroscopes, accelerometers, and other sensor products that were widely used in consumer electronics, automotive, and industrial applications.

Microfluidics is the science and technology of manipulating and controlling fluids at the sub-millimeter scale, typically in channels with dimensions on the order of micrometers (10^-6 meters). It involves the study and application of fluid properties and behavior in confined geometries, often employing devices that integrate various components for processes like mixing, separating, and reacting fluids.