Cholesteryl benzoate is an ester formed from cholesterol and benzoic acid. It is a white, crystalline solid that is often used in scientific and medical research. Cholesteryl benzoate has applications in various fields, including biochemistry and pharmacology, where it serves as a model compound for studying cholesterol-related biological processes or as a component in the formulation of lipid-based drug delivery systems.

Cholesteryl oleyl carbonate, also known as cholesteryl oleate or oleyl cholesteryl carbonate, is an organic compound that combines cholesterol with an oleyl group through a carbonate linkage. It is recognized as an ester derivative of cholesterol, and its structure features a cholesterol backbone attached to an oleyl fatty acid chain via a carbonate functional group.

Para-Azoxyanisole, also known as p-(methoxyphenylazo)anisole, is a chemical compound belonging to the class of azo compounds. Azo compounds are characterized by the presence of a functional group that contains a nitrogen-nitrogen double bond (N=N) linking two aromatic rings.

The List of American Physical Society (APS) Fellows from 1972 to 1997 refers to the compilation of individuals who were recognized by the APS for their contributions to the field of physics during that period. Being named a Fellow of the American Physical Society is a prestigious honor bestowed upon members who have made significant advancements in the field of physics, including research, teaching, and service.

Discotic liquid crystals are a type of liquid crystal characterized by disc-shaped (or disc-like) molecules that can self-assemble into ordered structures, allowing for unique anisotropic properties. Unlike conventional liquid crystals, which are based on rod-shaped (or calamitic) molecules, discotic liquid crystals have a more planar geometry.

Distortion free energy density is a concept from materials science and thermodynamics, particularly in the study of phase transitions and elasticity in materials. It typically relates to the energy required to deform a material without introducing additional defects or fluctuations in its internal structure. In the context of crystal structures and phase transitions, "distortion" refers to any deviation of the crystal lattice from its ideal, symmetrical arrangement.

The Fréedericksz transition refers to a phenomenon observed in liquid crystals, particularly in systems subjected to an electric or magnetic field. It describes the change in the orientation of liquid crystal molecules when an external field is applied, leading to a change in the director configuration of the liquid crystal. In equilibrium, liquid crystal molecules are often aligned parallel to a certain direction (the director, often aligned with the surfaces of a cell).

In ring theory, a **unit** is an element of a ring that has a multiplicative inverse within that ring. More formally, let \( R \) be a ring. An element \( u \in R \) is called a unit if there exists an element \( v \in R \) such that: \[ u \cdot v = 1 \] where \( 1 \) is the multiplicative identity in the ring \( R \).

Lewis Carroll, the pen name of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, is best known for his works "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" and "Through the Looking-Glass." These books have been translated into numerous languages due to their universal themes and whimsical storytelling. Translations of Carroll's works often involve not just a linguistic translation, but also a cultural adaptation to convey the humor, puns, and peculiarities that are characteristic of his writing.

The Dodgson family is likely most commonly associated with Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, better known by his pen name, Lewis Carroll. He was a 19th-century English writer, mathematician, and logician, renowned for his children's books, particularly "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" and "Through the Looking-Glass." The Dodgson family itself is from England, and while Charles Dodgson had no direct heirs, his family had roots in the area of Cheshire.

107 mm artillery refers to a type of artillery piece that fires 107 mm (4.21 inches) caliber shells. It has been used in various forms, primarily as a towed or self-propelled howitzer. One of the most well-known examples of 107 mm artillery is the Chinese Type 63 howitzer, which has been utilized by several countries.

The term "114 mm artillery" typically refers to a type of artillery weapon system that uses a 114 mm caliber projectile. This caliber is less common than other standard artillery sizes, like 105 mm or 155 mm, but it has been used in various military applications, particularly during the Cold War era. One notable example of a 114 mm artillery piece is the M114 howitzer, which was used by various armed forces.

120 mm artillery refers to a specific caliber of artillery that uses shells with a diameter of 120 millimeters (mm). This category typically includes medium artillery systems, often utilized for indirect fire support in military operations. The 120 mm caliber is commonly associated with mortars, howitzers, and some self-propelled guns. One of the most well-known systems that use 120 mm rounds is the 120 mm mortar, which is used by various armed forces around the world.

The term "122 mm artillery" typically refers to artillery pieces that fire shells with a caliber of 122 millimeters. This caliber is most commonly associated with towed and self-propelled howitzers, as well as some rocket artillery systems. One of the most prominent examples of a 122 mm artillery system is the D-30 howitzer, which is widely used by various countries and armed forces around the world. It has a range of about 15 kilometers (9.

125 mm artillery typically refers to artillery systems that use 125 mm caliber shells, notably in the context of tank guns and some self-propelled howitzers. One of the most recognized uses of a 125 mm caliber is in the main guns of several Soviet and Russian tanks, such as the T-72, T-80, and T-90.

128 mm artillery typically refers to a type of large-caliber artillery weapon system that fires projectiles of 128 millimeters in diameter. This caliber is not as commonly referenced as standard artillery sizes like 105 mm or 155 mm, but there are some notable systems associated with this caliber. One of the most recognized pieces of artillery in this classification is the **128 mm anti-aircraft gun** used by Germany, notably the **Flak 40**, which was designed during World War II.

130 mm artillery refers to a category of artillery that uses 130 mm caliber shells. This caliber is primarily used in towed and self-propelled howitzers and is designed for various military applications, including bombardment, indirect fire support, and destruction of enemy fortifications and equipment. Historically, 130 mm artillery became notable during the Cold War, particularly in Soviet and Warsaw Pact military equipment.

The term "135 mm artillery" generally refers to artillery pieces that have a caliber of 135 millimeters. This caliber can be associated with various types of artillery systems, including howitzers, field guns, and mortars. A well-known example of a 135 mm artillery system is the 135 mm M-46 towed gun, which was developed by the Soviet Union and has been used by several countries.

175 mm artillery refers to a type of heavy artillery piece that fires projectiles with a diameter of 175 millimeters (approximately 6.89 inches). This caliber is typically used in howitzers, which are versatile artillery pieces designed for firing shells at high angles. The 175 mm artillery was notably used by various military forces, including the United States, during the Cold War era.

180 mm artillery typically refers to a type of large-caliber artillery piece that fires shells with a diameter of 180 millimeters (7.09 inches). This category encompasses various types of artillery systems, including towed howitzers, self-propelled guns, and mortars.