State prices, also known as Arrow-Debreu prices, refer to the theoretical prices of assets or securities that payoff in specific future states of the world. They are foundational concepts in financial economics and are used in the pricing of contingent claims and derivatives. The idea comes from the Arrow-Debreu model of general equilibrium, which provides a framework for understanding how goods and services are allocated in an economy under certainty.

FIDYST does not appear to be a widely recognized acronym or term up to my last knowledge update in October 2023. It's possible that it could refer to a specialized term in a niche field, a new technology, a company, or a product that emerged after that date.

Upside risk refers to the potential for a financial asset's price or value to rise significantly beyond its expected level or mean. While most discussions around risk focus on downside risk (the possibility of loss or a decrease in value), upside risk highlights the opportunity for gains. In investing, upside risk can be viewed positively, as it signifies the potential for higher returns.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, I don't have a specific list of Argentine provinces and territories ranked by life expectancy. However, life expectancy can vary significantly across different regions in Argentina, influenced by factors such as healthcare access, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle. Typically, provinces with larger urban populations, such as Buenos Aires, tend to have higher life expectancies compared to more rural areas.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2021, there may not be a definitive national list of U.S. counties ranked by life expectancy. However, data from sources such as the CDC's National Center for Health Statistics and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation often highlight counties with the highest life expectancies. Typically, counties with the longest life expectancies tend to be found in states like California, Massachusetts, and Hawaii.

The changes in life expectancy across U.S. states from 1985 to 2010 reflect various factors, including healthcare access, socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle choices, and public health initiatives. While I can't provide a specific list without access to current databases or research, I can summarize the trends that were observed during that period. Generally, states in the Northeast and West Coast tended to show an increase in life expectancy, often attributed to better access to healthcare and healthier lifestyles.

"Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems" is a work by the Italian astronomer and philosopher Galileo Galilei, published in 1632.

James Pryor can refer to different individuals depending on the context. One notable James Pryor is an American philosopher recognized for his work in epistemology, particularly regarding issues such as self-knowledge, skepticism, and the nature of belief. He is also known for his contributions to discussions on the theory of rationality and the philosophy of language.

The "Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing" (originally known as "Al-Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr wal-Muqabala") is a foundational mathematical text written by the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi in the 9th century. The book is significant as it is one of the earliest comprehensive works on algebra and significantly influenced the development of mathematics in both the Islamic world and Europe.

Jesús Padilla Gálvez is a Spanish philosopher and academic known for his work in the fields of philosophy, ethics, and possibly other areas. However, there seems to be limited widely available information about him specifically. If you are looking for details about his contributions, theories, or specific works, could you please provide more context?

John Anderson (1893–1962) was an Australian philosopher known for his contributions to critical philosophy, particularly in the realm of realism and the philosophy of education. He was a significant figure in the development of a distinctive Australian philosophical identity, advocating for a form of empiricism that emphasized the importance of active, critical engagement with the world.

John Gray is a British philosopher and political theorist known for his work in political philosophy, ethics, and social theory. He was born on April 17, 1948, and has been influential in critiquing liberalism, modernity, and various ideologies of progress. Gray is often associated with the idea of "anti-utopianism," arguing against the concept of a singular, ideal future that can be achieved through human action.

John Haldane is a contemporary philosopher known for his work in the philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, and applied ethics. He has made significant contributions to discussions about realism, naturalism, and the implications of scientific developments for philosophical inquiry. Haldane is associated with Christian philosophy and has often engaged in dialogues about the relationship between faith and reason.

Karen Green is a philosopher known for her work in political philosophy, feminist theory, and social philosophy. She is recognized for her contributions to discussions about justice, gender, and the interrelation of philosophical concepts with real-world issues. Green often engages with the works of historical philosophers while also addressing contemporary problems, particularly in the context of women's rights and social inequality.

Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek is a Polish philosopher known for her work in ethics, particularly in moral philosophy and the field of utilitarianism. She has contributed to discussions on ethical theories, the implications of utilitarian principles, and has been involved in philosophical debates regarding moral responsibilities and decision-making. Additionally, she has co-authored works with other philosophers and has been involved in academic research and teaching.

Naomi Baron is a linguist and a professor known for her work in the field of linguistics, particularly in the areas of language and technology, as well as language, literacy, and communication. She is a recognized authority on how digital communication affects language and writing practices. One of her notable contributions is her book "Words Onscreen: The Fate of Reading in a Digital World," which explores how reading online is changing our interaction with text and its implications for literacy and comprehension.

Margaret Gilbert is a prominent philosopher known for her work in social philosophy, particularly in areas such as collective action, social groups, and the nature of joint commitment. She is best known for her theory of "joint commitment," which explains how individuals can come together to form groups and make collective decisions that are binding on the members of that group.

Robert Merrihew Adams is a prominent American philosopher known for his work in metaphysics, ethics, and the philosophy of religion. He is particularly recognized for his contributions to discussions on the nature of God, moral philosophy, and the problem of evil. Adams is well-known for his defense of a theistic view that emphasizes the importance of divine properties in understanding morality.

Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia that allows users to edit and contribute content. Its history can be traced back to a few key milestones: 1. **Founding**: Wikipedia was launched on January 15, 2001, by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger as a part of the non-profit organization Wikimedia Foundation. Wikipedia was initially conceived as a complementary project to Nupedia, a free encyclopedia that had a formal editorial process and was largely written by experts.

"Works" could refer to several things when discussing computer and internet companies, but it seems like you might be referring to a company or organization by that name, or perhaps a piece of software or platform. Without more context, it's tough to provide a precise answer.