The Brazilian Mathematical Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática, or SBM) is a professional organization dedicated to the promotion and development of mathematics in Brazil. Founded in 1969, its main objectives include: 1. **Promoting Mathematical Research and Education**: SBM fosters research in various fields of mathematics and aims to improve the quality of mathematics education at all levels in Brazil.

The Combinatorial Mathematics Society of Australasia (CMSA) is an organization that focuses on promoting research and education in the field of combinatorial mathematics. Founded in 1988, it aims to foster collaboration among mathematicians, particularly in Australia and the surrounding regions. The society organizes conferences, publishes research papers, and supports the dissemination of knowledge in combinatorial mathematics, which deals with counting, arrangement, and combination of discrete structures.

The German Mathematical Society (Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung, DMV) is a professional organization that aims to promote the advancement and dissemination of mathematics in Germany. Established in 1890, the DMV serves as a platform for mathematicians to connect, collaborate, and share their research. The society organizes conferences, publishes journals, and supports educational initiatives, all with the goal of fostering mathematical research and teaching.

The International Mathematical Knowledge Trust (IMKT) is an initiative aimed at enhancing global collaboration and the sharing of mathematical knowledge. It serves as a platform to facilitate the dissemination of mathematical research, support educational resources, and foster connections among mathematicians, educators, and students around the world. The Trust is likely to focus on archiving mathematical information, promoting open access to mathematical resources, and developing tools that enhance the teaching and learning of mathematics.

The Irish Mathematical Society (IMS) is a professional organization dedicated to supporting and promoting mathematics in Ireland. Established in 1984, the society aims to facilitate communication and collaboration among mathematicians, educators, and students, both within Ireland and internationally. Key activities of the IMS include: 1. **Organizing Conferences and Workshops**: The society hosts meetings, seminars, and conferences to encourage the exchange of ideas and research among mathematicians.

An "edge wave" refers to a type of wave that is confined to the vicinity of an edge or boundary within a medium. This concept is often discussed in various fields, including physics, seismology, and engineering. In more technical terms, edge waves can be seen in the context of wave propagation, where waves are generated and propagate along the edges of structures or interfaces. They tend to exhibit unique properties compared to bulk waves, such as modified dispersion characteristics or increased localization effects.

The Kharkov Mathematical Society, established in Kharkiv (then known as Kharkov) in 1921, is a scientific organization dedicated to the advancement of mathematics research and education. It played a significant role in promoting mathematical studies in the region and has been associated with several prominent mathematicians. The society organizes conferences, seminars, and other activities to foster collaboration and dissemination of mathematical knowledge among researchers and educators.

The Kurt Gödel Society is an organization dedicated to promoting research and education in mathematical logic, philosophy of mathematics, and related fields. It is named after the renowned logician Kurt Gödel, best known for his incompleteness theorems, which have significant implications for mathematics, computer science, and philosophy. The society often organizes conferences, workshops, and lectures, providing a platform for scholars and researchers to share their work and engage with one another.

The Turkish Mathematical Society (Türk Matematik Derneği, TMD) is a professional organization in Turkey that aims to promote the study and teaching of mathematics. Established in 1955, the society plays a crucial role in supporting mathematicians, educators, and students in their pursuit of mathematical knowledge and research. Key activities of the Turkish Mathematical Society include: 1. **Publications**: The society publishes various mathematical journals and resources to disseminate research findings and educational materials.

PaaSage (Platform as a Service for Application and Service Generation) is a platform designed to support the development, deployment, and management of cloud-based applications. It aims to simplify the process of creating and managing cloud applications by providing tools and frameworks that allow developers to focus on building their applications rather than getting bogged down in the underlying infrastructure.

The Operational Research Society (ORS) is a professional organization dedicated to the advancement and promotion of operational research (OR) as a discipline. Operational research involves the application of analytical methods to help make better decisions, solve complex problems, and optimize processes across various industries. Key aspects of the ORS include: 1. **Professional Development**: The society provides training, workshops, and seminars to cultivate skills among professionals engaged in OR.

The Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática Aplicada e Computacional (SBMAC) is a Brazilian society focused on the promotion and advancement of applied mathematics and computational mathematics in Brazil. Founded in 1984, SBMAC aims to foster communication among professionals in the fields of mathematics, engineering, and computational sciences. The society organizes events such as conferences, workshops, and seminars to facilitate the sharing of knowledge and research findings.

The Society of Mathematicians, Physicists, and Astronomers of Slovenia (Društvo matematiko, fizikov in astronomov Slovenije, DМFA) is a professional organization in Slovenia dedicated to promoting the fields of mathematics, physics, and astronomy. Established to foster collaboration and communication among professionals in these disciplines, the society engages in various activities such as organizing conferences, seminars, and workshops, and facilitating research and education in the sciences.

The Société Mathématique de France (SMF) is a French mathematical society that was established in 1872. Its primary mission is to promote the advancement and dissemination of mathematical research and knowledge in France and beyond. The SMF organizes conferences, publishes research journals, and supports mathematical education at various levels. One of the notable publications of the SMF is the "Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France," which includes articles on research, news, and developments in mathematics.

The Swiss Mathematical Society (SMS) is a professional organization that aims to promote and support the development of mathematics in Switzerland. Founded in 1838, the society serves various roles, including fostering collaboration among mathematicians, organizing conferences and workshops, publishing research, and promoting mathematics education at different levels. The SMS is involved in several key activities: 1. **Publications**: It publishes various mathematical journals and proceedings that contribute to the dissemination of mathematical research.

The National Research Council (CNR) in Italy is a key governmental research institution that plays a crucial role in promoting and facilitating scientific research and technological development in the country. Established in 1923, the CNR is responsible for conducting research across a wide range of disciplines, including natural sciences, engineering, social sciences, and humanities. The main objectives of the CNR are to foster innovation, support the advancement of scientific knowledge, and contribute to Italy's overall scientific and technological progress.

Ions are atoms or molecules that have a net electrical charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. When an atom or molecule loses electrons, it becomes positively charged and is called a cation. Conversely, when it gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged and is referred to as an anion.

Statistical organizations in India are institutions responsible for the collection, analysis, and dissemination of statistical data. They play a crucial role in informing government policy, aiding research, and providing data for public and private sector decision-making. Here are some of the key statistical organizations in India: 1. **Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI)**: This is the primary ministry for statistics in India.

Statistical service organizations are entities that provide statistical data, analysis, and related support to various stakeholders, including businesses, government agencies, researchers, and the general public. Their primary focus is on collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and disseminating statistical information to facilitate decision-making, research, and policy development. Here are some key functions and characteristics of statistical service organizations: 1. **Data Collection**: They gather data from a variety of sources, including surveys, administrative records, and observational studies.