These are research institutes usually funded by rich tech bros, sometimes cryptocurrency magnates, but not necessarily.
- 2024: Miguel Donaire Arcas-Sariot. Joined at 15.
- 1983: Ruth Lawrence. Joined at 12.
Unnecessary state is the source of much evil by 
Ciro Santilli 37 Created 2024-11-04 Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli 37 Created 2024-11-04 Updated 2025-07-16 The best Brazilian pop honorable mentions by Ciro Santilli 37 Created 2024-11-04 Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli 37 Created 2024-11-04 Updated 2025-07-16Video 1. As Curvas da Estrada de Santos by Roberto Carlos (1969)Source.Translation: "The curves of the road of Santos".Roberto Carlos makes Ciro cringe, it brings back memories of pre-New Year television Galas in the early 2000s at his great aunt's home in Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.This is the only bearable song by the artist, as it talks about going down to Ciro's beloved Santos, São Paulo, Brazil from the city of São Paulo, which lies on a plateau of about 700 meters above sea level, a trip that takes you down through the spectacular Serra do Mar tropical rainforest.The mountainous roads of the older road, Rodovia Anchieta there are very curvy, and can be very dangerous when there is fog. The heavy truck traffic to/from the port of Santos makes this even worse.But it also makes everything much more spectacular, as you get closer to the forest, and at slower speeds, with occasional panoramic views of the city.The newer road, Rodovia dos Imigrantes is a straighter, safer and boring alternative to it.Ciro did this many times on bus when he was studying at the university of São Paulo and going back home for the weekend from time to time.Video 3. Dança Da Solidão by Paulinho da Viola. Source. Translation: "Dance of solitude". Released 1972.Video 4. Lindo Lago do Amor by Gonzaguinha. Source. From the 1984 album Grávido. Pure 80s. Video "Na Rua, Na Chuva, Na Fazenda by Hyldon (1974)" somewhat comes to mind.Video 5. Um Girassol Da Cor Do Seu Cabelo by Lô Borges. Source. Translation: "A Sunflower With the Color of Your Hair".
The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was not in Physics by Ciro Santilli 37 Created 2024-11-04 Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli 37 Created 2024-11-04 Updated 2025-07-16This was the most obscene Nobel Prize of all time. They were completely swept away by the AI boom, and gave this ridiculous prize completely unrelated to Physics.
- Nobel Foundation:Ciro Santilli:
Did you know that models for machine learning were based on equations from physics?
Nice try but the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics still isn't about Physics.
- academia.stackexchange.com/questions/214109/is-there-a-reason-why-the-nobel-prize-in-physics-2024-is-awarded-to-a-computer-s
- lamarr-institute.org/blog/thoughts-physics-nobel-prize-2024
- www.reddit.com/r/AskPhysics/comments/1fz27m5/nobel_prize_2024/ User ervexHublot comments
Nobel prize sponsored by Nvidia
- x.com/skdh/status/1843675220433088598
Ciro Santilli feels that this user has a surprisingly similar contribution pattern (one of the top necromancers) and subjects (Python, Bash) to Ciro Santilli.
Ciro tried to contact him to say hi, but it was hard to find a contact. kenorb, feel free to send Ciro a hi one of those days. Ciro knows kenorb knows Ciro exists because kenorb has in the past starred some of Ciro's stuff, e.g. github.com/cirosantilli/bitcoin-inscription-indexer from Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain.
His GitHub github.com/kenorb gives name Rafal W. and links to some trading stuff: github.com/EA31337, especially compatible with his stated location of London.
Rafal is Rafael in Polish: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafał It would normally have the l with a stroke, but ASCII.
His LinkedIn sys the R3 company he works at is actually a blockchain company: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R3_(R3CEV), FOREX appears to be his on-the-side.
International Bureau of Weights and Measures by Ciro Santilli 37 Created 2024-11-04 Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli 37 Created 2024-11-04 Updated 2025-07-16 Dmitriy Khaladzhi carrying a horse over his shoulders by Ciro Santilli 37 Created 2024-11-04 Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli 37 Created 2024-11-04 Updated 2025-07-16
A few of the "I'd rather starve and do what I love than work some bullshit job people":
- www.youtube.com/watch?v=dD5hYCN-tmU&t Worldyman, German skater. Ciro Santilli said hi at: www.youtube.com/watch?v=dD5hYCN-tmU&lc=Ugz_QQOwrRG5Wjm52hp4AaABAg His reply suggests mental illness unfortunately:
In physics, measurements help to understand the physical world. Two fundamental quantities we often measure are length and time. Length is defined as the distance between two points. It helps us quantify how far apart objects are, whether that’s measuring the size of a classroom, the height of a building, or the distance between two cities. On the other hand, time refers to the continuous progression of events, allowing us to determine how long a process takes. Time is essential for understanding motion, cycles, and changes in the physical world.
Units of Measurement
To ensure consistency in scientific communication, standardized units of measurement are used. The International System of Units (SI) provides the framework for this.
For measuring length, the SI unit is the metre (m). Smaller lengths can be expressed in millimetres (mm) or centimetres (cm), while larger distances, such as the space between cities or countries, are measured in kilometres (km). For instance, the length of a pencil may be 18 cm, while the distance between London and Manchester is approximately 260 km. Knowing how to convert between these units is important: for example, 1 kilometre is equal to 1,000 metres, and 1 metre is equivalent to 100 centimetres.
To ensure consistency in scientific communication, standardized units of measurement are used. The International System of Units (SI) provides the framework for this.
For measuring length, the SI unit is the metre (m). Smaller lengths can be expressed in millimetres (mm) or centimetres (cm), while larger distances, such as the space between cities or countries, are measured in kilometres (km). For instance, the length of a pencil may be 18 cm, while the distance between London and Manchester is approximately 260 km. Knowing how to convert between these units is important: for example, 1 kilometre is equal to 1,000 metres, and 1 metre is equivalent to 100 centimetres.
When measuring time, the SI unit is the second (s). This unit is widely used in science, particularly for measuring short intervals. For longer durations, minutes (min) and hours (h) are commonly used. For example, it may take you 5 minutes to walk to school, while a football match lasts 90 minutes, which is equal to 1 hour and 30 minutes. In scientific experiments, time intervals are often much shorter, measured in seconds or even fractions of a second. The relationship between units of time is straightforward: 60 seconds make up 1 minute, and 60 minutes make up 1 hour.
Measuring Length
Various tools are used to measure length, depending on the precision required. For everyday measurements, a ruler or tape measure is sufficient. For more precise scientific measurements, devices such as vernier calipers or micrometers are used. These tools allow us to measure length down to fractions of a millimetre. For example, a ruler may tell us that a piece of string is 12 cm long, but a vernier caliper could measure it more precisely, to the nearest tenth of a millimetre, like 12.3 cm.
In physics experiments, it’s crucial to ensure accuracy and precision when measuring length. This can involve repeated measurements and careful observation to minimize errors.
Various tools are used to measure length, depending on the precision required. For everyday measurements, a ruler or tape measure is sufficient. For more precise scientific measurements, devices such as vernier calipers or micrometers are used. These tools allow us to measure length down to fractions of a millimetre. For example, a ruler may tell us that a piece of string is 12 cm long, but a vernier caliper could measure it more precisely, to the nearest tenth of a millimetre, like 12.3 cm.
In physics experiments, it’s crucial to ensure accuracy and precision when measuring length. This can involve repeated measurements and careful observation to minimize errors.
Measuring Time
To measure time intervals, we often use stopwatches or clocks. A stopwatch is particularly useful in experiments where we need to record the exact time something takes to occur, such as the duration of a pendulum’s swing or the time it takes for an object to fall. For instance, if you want to measure how long it takes for a ball to drop from a certain height, you could use a stopwatch to record the fall in seconds.
In modern physics, extremely precise instruments like atomic clocks are used to measure time with remarkable accuracy. These clocks can measure time intervals to a fraction of a second, and they are used for highly sensitive experiments, such as those involving the speed of light or synchronization in satellite systems.
To measure time intervals, we often use stopwatches or clocks. A stopwatch is particularly useful in experiments where we need to record the exact time something takes to occur, such as the duration of a pendulum’s swing or the time it takes for an object to fall. For instance, if you want to measure how long it takes for a ball to drop from a certain height, you could use a stopwatch to record the fall in seconds.
In modern physics, extremely precise instruments like atomic clocks are used to measure time with remarkable accuracy. These clocks can measure time intervals to a fraction of a second, and they are used for highly sensitive experiments, such as those involving the speed of light or synchronization in satellite systems.
Practical Applications of Length and Time
For instance, when studying the motion of objects, knowing how far something has moved (length) and how long it took (time) is fundamental to calculating speed. In technology, precise time measurements are important for synchronization in communication systems, while accurate length measurements are key in construction, engineering, and manufacturing processes.
For instance, when studying the motion of objects, knowing how far something has moved (length) and how long it took (time) is fundamental to calculating speed. In technology, precise time measurements are important for synchronization in communication systems, while accurate length measurements are key in construction, engineering, and manufacturing processes.
Example Questions
3. You have a ruler marked in centimetres. If a pencil measures 14.5 cm, how long is it in millimetres?
4. Using a stopwatch, you record the time it takes for a marble to roll down a ramp as 3.2 seconds. How would you express this time in milliseconds?
4. Using a stopwatch, you record the time it takes for a marble to roll down a ramp as 3.2 seconds. How would you express this time in milliseconds?
Pinned article: Introduction to the OurBigBook Project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
Intro to OurBigBook
. Source. We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivativeVideo 2. OurBigBook Web topics demo. Source. - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 4. Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation.
Figure 5. Web editor. You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally.Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.Video 4. OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo. Source. 
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact