Enrico Fermi Updated +Created
Died of cancer at age 53. Ciro Santilli just can't help but speculate that it is linked to radioactivity exposure.
Fish Updated +Created
This paraphyletic subgroup is easy to form the "acquatic only" (fishes) vs "things that come out of water" (tetrapods). Though mudfishes make that distinction harder.
Which kind of makes sense, why would you want for limbs unless you are going to stay out of water!
If it ain't broke, don't fix it Updated +Created
Paleolithic Updated +Created
This period is similar to the Quaternary, but it also includes tool usage by close relatives of humans which were not humans yet.
It ends together with the pleistocene.
Parameters of the Standard Model Updated +Created
The growing number of parameters of the Standard Model is one big source of worry for early 21st century physics, much like the growing number of particles was a worry in the beginning of the 20th (but that one was solved by 2020).
pip (package manager) Updated +Created
How many stupid bugs. How many stupid bugs do we need to face???
b-money Updated +Created
Path to AGI Updated +Created
There are two main ways to try and reach AGI:
Which one of them to take is of of the most important technological questions of humanity according to Ciro Santilli
There is also an intermediate area of research/engineering where people try to first simulate the robot and its world realistically, use the simulation for training, and then transfer the simulated training to real robots, see e.g.: realistic robotics simulation.
Waring problem variant Updated +Created
Penalty kick left right Nash equilibrium Updated +Created
When taking a penalty kick in soccer, the kicker must chose left or right.
And before he kicks, the goalkeeper must also decide left or right, because there is no time to see where the ball is going.
Because the kicker is right footed however, he kicker kicks better to one side than the other. So we have four probabilities:
  • goal kick left keeper jumps left
  • goal kick right keeper jumps right
  • goal kick left keeper jumps right. Note that it is possible that this won't be a goal, even though the keeper is nowhere near the ball, as the ball might just miss the goal by a bit.
  • kick right and keeper jumps left. Analogous to above
Personal finance Updated +Created
  • the American stock market gives 10% / year, which is about 2x over 10 years. It has been the sure-fire best investment on a 10 year horizon for many decades, and should serve as your benchmark.
  • risky diversified investments (e.g. ETFs that track a market index) are basically the best investment if you can keep your money in them in the long term (10 years)
  • risky investments can gown down for a while, and you cannot take your money out then. This effectively means risk is a form of illiquidity
  • investment funds have taxes, which eat into your profit. The best investments are dumb index tracking investments (like an ETF that tracks the stock market) that are simply brainless to manage, and therefore have lowest taxes. No fund has managed to beat the market long term essentially.
  • when you are young, ideally you should invest everything into riskier higher yielding assets like stock. And as you get older, you should move part of it to less risky (and therefore more liquid, but lower yielding) assets like bonds
    The desire to buy a house however complicates this for many people.
ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge dataset Updated +Created
Contains 1,281,167 images and exactly 1k categories which is why this dataset is also known as ImageNet1k: datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/47458/what-is-the-difference-between-imagenet-and-imagenet1k-how-to-download-it
www.kaggle.com/competitions/imagenet-object-localization-challenge/overview clarifies a bit further how the categories are inter-related according to WordNet relationships:
The 1000 object categories contain both internal nodes and leaf nodes of ImageNet, but do not overlap with each other.
image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/2012/browse-synsets.php lists all 1k labels with their WordNet IDs.
n02119789: kit fox, Vulpes macrotis
n02100735: English setter
n02096294: Australian terrier
There is a bug on that page however towards the middle:
n03255030: dumbbell
href="ht:
n02102040: English springer, English springer spaniel
and there is one missing label if we ignore that dummy href= line. A thinkg of beauty!
Also the lines are not sorted by synset, if we do then the first three lines are:
n01440764: tench, Tinca tinca
n01443537: goldfish, Carassius auratus
n01484850: great white shark, white shark, man-eater, man-eating shark, Carcharodon carcharias
gist.github.com/aaronpolhamus/964a4411c0906315deb9f4a3723aac57 has lines of type:
n02119789 1 kit_fox
n02100735 2 English_setter
n02110185 3 Siberian_husky
therefore numbered on the exact same order as image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/2012/browse-synsets.php
gist.github.com/yrevar/942d3a0ac09ec9e5eb3a lists all 1k labels as a plaintext file with their benchmark IDs.
{0: 'tench, Tinca tinca',
 1: 'goldfish, Carassius auratus',
 2: 'great white shark, white shark, man-eater, man-eating shark, Carcharodon carcharias',
therefore numbered on sorted order of image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/2012/browse-synsets.php
The official line numbering in-benchmark-data can be seen at LOC_synset_mapping.txt, e.g. www.kaggle.com/competitions/imagenet-object-localization-challenge/data?select=LOC_synset_mapping.txt
n01440764 tench, Tinca tinca
n01443537 goldfish, Carassius auratus
n01484850 great white shark, white shark, man-eater, man-eating shark, Carcharodon carcharias
huggingface.co/datasets/imagenet-1k also has some useful metrics on the split:
Planck's law Updated +Created
Used to explain the black-body radiation experiment.
The Quantum Story by Jim Baggott (2011) page 9 mentions that Planck apparently immediately recognized that Planck constant was a new fundamental physical constant, and could have potential applications in the definition of the system of units (TODO where was that published):
Planck wrote that the constants offered: 'the possibility of establishing units of length, mass, time and temperature which are independent of specific bodies or materials and which necessarily maintain their meaning for all time and for all civilizations, even those which are extraterrestrial and nonhuman, constants which therefore can be called "fundamental physical units of measurement".'
This was a visionary insight, and was finally realized in the 2019 redefinition of the SI base units.
Video 1.
Quantum Mechanics 2 - Photons by ViaScience (2012)
Source. Contains a good explanation of how discretization + energy increases with frequency explains the black-body radiation experiment curve: you need more and more energy for small wavelengths, each time higher above the average energy available.
Inkscape Updated +Created
Inkscape is a a good software for editing/creating SVG files.
Its functionality is fundamental for as a software for drawing geometry diagrams, as it is a good middle ground between algorithmic generation, and raster graphics.
At 1.0.2, its UI is a bit terrible:
  • the way the menus open on the right with title below the window...
  • several defaults are atrocious, e.g. export drawing rather than page
And it crashes from time to time on Ubuntu 21.04. And it has some glaring bugs, e.g.:
But still, it is a very good initiative.
What would be really amazing is if they had constraints: gitlab.com/inkscape/inbox/-/issues/1465 like proper CAD software, it would make it possible to not have to redo entire diagrams when you want to change a small part of them.
Instagram Updated +Created
Ciro Santilli is just too old to understand what the point of that website is compared to Twitter. There must be one, right?
Also, it is impossible to use it on the browser without a cell phone, similar critique as Section "Messaging software that force you to have a mobile phone" but a bit more aggravating, because, well, you would expect creators want people to see their stuff on a browser unlike private messages?
Toyota Research Institute Updated +Created
Peer authentication Updated +Created
Physics experiment without a decent modern video Updated +Created

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