IBM 700/7000 series Updated 2025-07-16
Illumina Updated 2025-07-16
The by far dominating DNA sequencing company of the late 2000's and 2010's due to having the smallest cost per base pair.
To understand how Illumina's technology works basically, watch this video: Video 1. "Illumina Sequencing by Synthesis by Illumina (2016)".
Illumina Sequencing by Synthesis by Illumina (2016)
Source. The key innovation of this method is the Bridge amplification step, which produces a large amount of identical DNA strands.
ImageMagick Updated 2025-07-16
ImageNet1k download Updated 2025-07-16
The official page: www.image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/index.php points to a download link on Kaggle: www.kaggle.com/competitions/imagenet-object-localization-challenge/data Kaggle says that the size is 167.62 GB!
To download from Kaggle, create an API token on kaggle.com, which downloads a The download speed is wildly server/limited and take A LOT of hours. Also, the tool does not seem able to pick up where you stopped last time.
kaggle.json file then:mkdir -p ~/.kaggle
mv ~/down/kaggle.json ~/.kaggle
python3 -m pip install kaggle
kaggle competitions download -c imagenet-object-localization-challengeAnother download location appears to be: huggingface.co/datasets/imagenet-1k on Hugging Face, but you have to login due to their license terms. Once you login you have a very basic data explorer available: huggingface.co/datasets/imagenet-1k/viewer/default/train.
ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge dataset Updated 2025-07-16
Subset of ImageNet. About 167.62 GB in size according to www.kaggle.com/competitions/imagenet-object-localization-challenge/data.
Contains 1,281,167 images and exactly 1k categories which is why this dataset is also known as ImageNet1k: datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/47458/what-is-the-difference-between-imagenet-and-imagenet1k-how-to-download-it
www.kaggle.com/competitions/imagenet-object-localization-challenge/overview clarifies a bit further how the categories are inter-related according to WordNet relationships:
The 1000 object categories contain both internal nodes and leaf nodes of ImageNet, but do not overlap with each other.
image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/2012/browse-synsets.php lists all 1k labels with their WordNet IDs.There is a bug on that page however towards the middle:and there is one missing label if we ignore that dummy
n02119789: kit fox, Vulpes macrotis
n02100735: English setter
n02096294: Australian terriern03255030: dumbbell
href="ht:
n02102040: English springer, English springer spanielhref= line. A thinkg of beauty!Also the lines are not sorted by synset, if we do then the first three lines are:
n01440764: tench, Tinca tinca
n01443537: goldfish, Carassius auratus
n01484850: great white shark, white shark, man-eater, man-eating shark, Carcharodon carchariasgist.github.com/aaronpolhamus/964a4411c0906315deb9f4a3723aac57 has lines of type:therefore numbered on the exact same order as image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/2012/browse-synsets.php
n02119789 1 kit_fox
n02100735 2 English_setter
n02110185 3 Siberian_huskygist.github.com/yrevar/942d3a0ac09ec9e5eb3a lists all 1k labels as a plaintext file with their benchmark IDs.therefore numbered on sorted order of image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/2012/browse-synsets.php
{0: 'tench, Tinca tinca',
1: 'goldfish, Carassius auratus',
2: 'great white shark, white shark, man-eater, man-eating shark, Carcharodon carcharias',The official line numbering in-benchmark-data can be seen at
LOC_synset_mapping.txt, e.g. www.kaggle.com/competitions/imagenet-object-localization-challenge/data?select=LOC_synset_mapping.txtn01440764 tench, Tinca tinca
n01443537 goldfish, Carassius auratus
n01484850 great white shark, white shark, man-eater, man-eating shark, Carcharodon carcharias Impact factor Updated 2025-07-16
Implicit metric signature in Einstein notation Updated 2025-07-16
Implosion-type fission weapon Updated 2025-07-16
Implosion-type fission weapons are more complicated than gun-type fission weapon because you have to precisely coordinate the detonation of a bunch of explosives.
Indian classical music Updated 2025-07-16
Infinity (1996 film) Updated 2025-07-16
Good film, it feels quite realistic.
It is a shame that they tried to include some particularly interesting stories but didn't have the time to develop them, e.g. Feynman explaining to the high school interns what they were actually doing. These are referred to only in passing, and likely won't mean anything to someone who hasn't read the book.
The film settings are particularly good, and give what feels like an authentic view of the times. Particularly memorable are the Indian caves shown the film. TODO name? Possibly Puye Cliff Dwellings. Puye apparently appears prominently up on another film about Los Alamos: The Atomic city (1952). It is relatively close to Los Alamos, about 30 km away.
The title is presumably a reference to infinities in quantum field theory? Or just to the infinity of love etc.? But anyways, the infinities in quantum field theory theory come to mind if you are into this kind of stuff and is sad because that work started after the war.
Inflation Updated 2025-07-16
Infrastructure as a service Updated 2025-07-16
Injective function Updated 2025-07-16
Innovate UK Updated 2025-07-16
In-order depth-first search Updated 2025-07-16
This is the order in which a binary search tree should be traversed for ordered output, i.e.:
- everything to the left is smaller than parent
- everything to the right is larger than parent
This ordering makes sense for binary trees and not k-ary trees in general because if there are more than two nodes it is not clear what the top node should go in the middle of.
This is unlike pre-order depth-first search and post-order depth-first search which generalize obviously to general trees.
Instruction set architecture Updated 2025-07-16
The main interface between the central processing unit and software.
Integrated circuit layout Updated 2025-07-16
Integrated development environment Updated 2025-07-16
IDEs are absolutely essential for developing complex software.
The funny thing is that you don't notice this until someone shows it to you. But once you see it, there is not turning back, just like Steve Jobs customers don't know what they want quote.
Unfortunately, after the Fall of Eclipse (archive), the IDE landscape in 2019 is horrible and split between:
Programmers of the world: unite! Focus on one IDE, and make it work for all languages and all build systems. Give it all the features that Eclipse has, but none of the bugginess. Work with top project to make sure the IDE works for all top projects.
Projects of the world: support one IDE, with in-tree configuration. Complex integration is often required between the IDE and the build system, and successful projects must to that once for all developers. Either do this, or watch you complex project wither away.
Build tool maintainers: make it possible for IDEs to support your tool! E.g., implement JSON Compilation Database output so that IDEs can read the exact compiler commands from that, in order to automatically determine how files should be parsed! Or better, just use libllvm in your IDE itself as the main parser.
Ciro is evaluating some IDEs at: github.com/cirosantilli/ide-test-projects
Intelligence is hierarchical Updated 2025-07-16
Perhaps one may argue that our deep learning layers do form some kind of hierarchy, e.g. this is very clear in certain models such as convolutional neural network. But many of those models cannot have arbitrarily deep hierarchies, which appears to be a fundamental aspect of intelligence.
How to Create a Mind:
The lists of steps in my mind are organized in hierarchies. I follow a routine procedure before going to sleep. The first step is to brush my teeth. But this action is in turn broken into a smaller series of steps, the first of which is to put toothpaste on the toothbrush. That step in turn is made up of yet smaller steps, such as finding the toothpaste, removing the cap, and so on. The step of finding the toothpaste also has steps, the first of which is to open the bathroom cabinet. That step in turn requires steps, the first of which is to grab the outside of the cabinet door. This nesting actually continues down to a very fine grain of movements, so that there are literally thousands of little actions constituting my nighttime routine. Although I may have difficulty remembering details of a walk I took just a few hours ago, I have no difficulty recalling all of these many steps in preparing for bed - so much so that I am able to think about other things while I go through these procedures. It is important to point out that this list is not stored as one long list of thousands of steps - rather, each of our routine procedures is remembered as an elaborate hierarchy of nested activities.
Interactive Linear Algebra by Margalit and Rabinoff Updated 2025-07-16
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