Fog computing Updated 2025-07-16
Our definition of fog computing: a system that uses the computational resources of individuals who volunteer their own devices, in which you give each of the volunteers part of a computational problem that you want to solve.
Molecular biology database Updated 2025-07-16
Pauli equation Updated 2025-07-16
Bibliography:
- www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fu1BGGeyqHQ&list=PL54DF0652B30D99A4&index=63 "K6. The Pauli Equation" by doctorphys
Superconducting magnet Updated 2025-07-16
Applications: produce high magnetic fields forAs of the early 2020s, superconducting magnets predominantly use low temperature superconductors Nb-Ti and Nb-Sn, see also most important superconductor materials, but there were efforts underway to create practical high-temperature superconductor-based magnets as well: Section "High temperature superconductor superconducting magnet".
- magnetic resonance imaging, the most important commercial application as of the early 2020s
- more researchy applications as of the early 2020s:
Wikipedia has done well for once:
The current to the coil windings is provided by a high current, very low voltage DC power supply, since in steady state the only voltage across the magnet is due to the resistance of the feeder wires. Any change to the current through the magnet must be done very slowly, first because electrically the magnet is a large inductor and an abrupt current change will result in a large voltage spike across the windings, and more importantly because fast changes in current can cause eddy currents and mechanical stresses in the windings that can precipitate a quench (see below). So the power supply is usually microprocessor-controlled, programmed to accomplish current changes gradually, in gentle ramps. It usually takes several minutes to energize or de-energize a laboratory-sized magnet.
Ciro's 2D reinforcement learning games Updated 2025-07-16
Prototype: github.com/cirosantilli/Urho3D-cheat
Top Down 2D Continuous Game with Urho3D C++ SDL and Box2D for Reinforcement learning by Ciro Santilli (2018)
Source. Source code at: github.com/cirosantilli/Urho3D-cheat.
Screenshot of the basketball stage of Ciro's 2D continuous game
. Source code at: github.com/cirosantilli/rl-game-2d-grid. Big kudos to game-icons.net for the sprites.Less good discrete prototype: github.com/cirosantilli/rl-game-2d-grid YouTube demo: Video 1. "Top Down 2D Continuous Game with Urho3D C++ SDL and Box2D for Reinforcement learning by Ciro Santilli (2018)".
Top Down 2D Discrete Tile Based Game with C++ SDL and Boost R-Tree for Reinforcement Learning by Ciro Santilli (2017)
Source. The goal of this project is to reach artificial general intelligence.
A few initiatives have created reasonable sets of robotics-like games for the purposes of AI development, most notably: OpenAI and DeepMind.
However, all projects so far have only created sets of unrelated games, or worse: focused on closed games designed for humans!
What is really needed is to create a single cohesive game world, designed specifically for this purpose, and with a very large number of game mechanics.
Notably, by "game mechanic" is meant "a magic aspect of the game world, which cannot be explained by object's location and inertia alone" in order to test the the missing link between continuous and discrete AI.
The question then becomes: do we have enough computational power to simulation a game worlds that is analogous enough to the real world, so that our AI algorithms will also apply to the real world?
To reduce computation requirements, it is better to focus on a 2D world at first. Such world with the right mechanics can break any AI, while still being faster to simulate than a 3D world.
The initial prototype uses the Urho3D open source game engine, and that is a reasonable project, but a raw Simple DirectMedia Layer + Box2D + OpenGL solution from scratch would be faster to develop for this use case, since Urho3D has a lot of human-gaming features that are not needed, and because 2019 Urho3D lead developers disagree with the China censored keyword attack.
Simulations such as these can be viewed as a form of synthetic data generation procedure, where the goal is to use computer worlds to reduce the costs of experiments and to improve reproducibility.
Ciro has always had a feeling that AI research in the 2020's is too unambitious. How many teams are actually aiming for AGI? When he then read Superintelligence by Nick Bostrom (2014) it said the same. AGI research has become a taboo in the early 21st century.
Related projects:
- github.com/deepmind/lab2d: 2D gridworld games, C++ with Lua bindings
Related ideas:
- www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHFrhIAj0ME?t=4183 Can't get you out of my head by Adam Curtis (2021) Part 1: Bloodshed on Wolf Mountain :)
- www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUjc1WuyPT8 AI alignment: Why It's Hard, and Where to Start by Eliezer Yudkowsky (2016)
Bibliograpy:
- agents.inf.ed.ac.uk/blog/multiagent-learning-environments/ Multi-Agent Learning Environments (2021) by Lukas Schäfer from the Autonomous agents research group of the University of Edinburgh. One of their games actually uses apples as visual represntation of rewards, exactly like Ciro's game. So funny. They also have a 2d continuous game: agents.inf.ed.ac.uk/blog/multiagent-learning-environments/#mpe
- humanoid robot simulation
- Section "AI training game"
- Section "Software-based artificial life"
OpenAI Plays Hide and Seek... and Breaks The Game! by Two Minute Papers (2019)
Source. Commentary of OpenAi's 2019 hide and seek paper. OpenAI does some similar simulations to what Ciro wants, but TODO do they publish source code for all of them? If not Ciro calls bullshit on non-reproducible research, and even worse due to the fake "Open" in the name. Does this repo contain everything?Much bigger simulation, AIs learn Phalanx by Pezzza's Work (2022)
Source. 2d agents with vision. Simple prey/predator scenario. EDA company Updated 2025-07-16
The main ones as of 2020 are:
- Mentor Graphics, which was bought by Siemens in 2017
- Cadence Design Systems
- Synopsys
Four-current Updated 2025-07-16
Painted Skin (1992 film) Updated 2025-07-16
Short-read DNA sequencing Updated 2025-07-16
Superconducting Super Collider Updated 2025-07-16
Superconducting tunnel junction Updated 2025-07-16
Specific type of Josephson junction. Probably can be made tiny and in huge numbers through photolithography.
Superconductor coil experiment video Updated 2025-07-16
TODO!!! Even this is hard to find! A clean and minimal one! Why! All we can find are shittly levitating YBCO samples in liquid nitrogen! Maybe because liquid helium is expensive?
First 10T Tape Coil by Mark Benz
. Source. Dr. Mark Benz describes the first commercially sold superconducting magnet made by him and colleagues in 1965. The 10 Tesla magnet was made at GE Schenectady and they sold magnets to research facilities world wide before the team formed Intermagnetics General. IGC and Carl Rosner went on to pioneer MRI technology. The Centre for Computing History Updated 2025-07-16
Elon Musk's family Updated 2025-08-08
Disk encryption Updated 2025-07-16
Electromagnetic tensor Updated 2025-07-16
Nerve agent Updated 2025-07-16
Optical character recognition Updated 2025-07-16
Parallel computing library Updated 2025-07-16
Parallel LC circuit Updated 2025-07-16
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