Lists of the most promising implementations:
As of 2020, the hottest by far are:
Super quick overview of the main types of quantum computer physical implementations, so doesn't any much to a quick Google.
He says he's going to make a series about it, so then something useful might actually come out. The first one was: Video "How to Turn Superconductors Into A Quantum Computer by Lukas's Lab (2023)", but it is still too basic.
The author's full name is Lukas Baker, www.linkedin.com/in/lukasbaker1331/, found with Google reverse image search, even though the LinkedIn image is very slightly different from the YouTube one.
Quantum computers are not expected to solve NP-complete problems Updated 2025-07-11 +Created 1970-01-01
Only NP-intermediate, which includes notably integer factorization:
- quantumcomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/16506/can-quantum-computer-solve-np-complete-problems
- www.cs.virginia.edu/~robins/The_Limits_of_Quantum_Computers.pdf by Scott Aaronson
- cs.stackexchange.com/questions/130470/can-quantum-computing-help-solve-np-complete-problems
- www.quora.com/How-can-quantum-computing-help-to-solve-NP-hard-problems
TODO WTF is this? How is it built? What is special about it?
Mentioned a lot in the context of superconducting quantum computers, e.g. youtu.be/t5nxusm_Umk?t=268 from Video "Quantum Computing with Superconducting Qubits by Alexandre Blais (2012)",
Lecture notes found by Googling "quantum field theory pdf":
- www.ppd.stfc.ac.uk/Pages/Dasgupta_08_Intro_to_QFT.pdf "An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory" by Mrinal Dasgupta from the University of Manchester (2008). 48 pages.
- www.thphys.uni-heidelberg.de/~weigand/QFT2-14/SkriptQFT2.pdf "Quantum Field Theory I + II" by Timo Weigand from the Heidelberg University. Unknown year, references up to 2008.
- edu.itp.phys.ethz.ch/hs12/qft1/ Quantum Field Theory 1 by Niklas Beisert
Quantum Information course of the University of Oxford Hilary 2023 1 a Updated 2025-07-11 +Created 1970-01-01
Man-in-the-middle attack
quantumcomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/142/advantage-of-quantum-key-distribution-over-post-quantum-cryptography/25727#25727 Advantage of quantum key distribution over post-quantum cryptography has Ciro Santilli's comparison to classical encryption.
Long story short:
- QKD allows you to generate shared keys without public-key cryptography. You can then use thses shared keys
- QKD requires authentication on a classical channel, exactly like a classical public-key cryptography forward secrecy would. The simplest way to do this is a with a pre-shared key, just like in classical public key cryptography. If that key is compromised at any point, your future messages can get man-in-the-middle'd, exactly like in classical cryptography.
QKD uses quantum mechanics stuff to allow sharing unsnoopable keys: you can detect any snooping and abort communication. Unsnoopability is guaranteed by the known laws of physics, up only to engineering imperfections.
Furthermore, it allows this key distribution without having to physically take a box by car somewhere: once the channel is established, e.g. optical fiber, you can just keep generating perfect keys from it. Otherwise it would be pointless, as you could just drive your one-time pad key every time.
However, the keys likely have a limited rate of generation, so you can't just one-time pad the entire message, except for small text messages. What you would then do is to use the shared key with symmetric encryption.
Therefore, this setup usually ultimately relies on the idea that we believe that symmetric encryption is safer than , even though there aren't mathematical safety proofs of either as of 2020.
At Section "Quantum computing is just matrix multiplication" we saw that making a quantum circuit actually comes down to designing one big unitary matrix.
Instead, they use quantum logic gates.
Quantum matter physics course of the University of Oxford Updated 2025-07-11 +Created 1970-01-01
2011- professor: Steven H. Simon. His start date is given e.g. at: www-thphys.physics.ox.ac.uk/people/SteveSimon/condmat2012/LectureNotes2012.pdf which is presumably an older version of: www-thphys.physics.ox.ac.uk/people/SteveSimon/QCM2022/QuantumMatter.pdf
Notes/book: www-thphys.physics.ox.ac.uk/people/SteveSimon/QCM2022/QuantumMatter.pdf Marked as being for Oxford MMathPhys, so it appears that this is a 4th year course normally. TODO but where is it listed under the course list of MMapthPhys? mmathphys.physics.ox.ac.uk/course-schedule
Course page index: www-thphys.physics.ox.ac.uk/people/SteveSimon/
www-thphys.physics.ox.ac.uk/people/SteveSimon/QCM2023/quantummatter.html mentions it is given in Hilary term
2023 syllabus as per www-thphys.physics.ox.ac.uk/people/SteveSimon/QCM2023/quantummatter.html#Syllabus:
- Fermi Liquids
- Weakly Interacting Fermions
- Response Functions and Screening
- Thomas Fermi
- RPA
- Plasmons
- Landau Fermi Liquid Theory
- Superfluidity
- Two Fluid Model and Quantized Circulation
- Landau Criterion for Superfluidity
- Two Fluid Model for Superconductors
- London Theory
- Flux Vortices
- Type I and Type II superconductors
- Microscopic Superfluidity
- Coherent States
- Bose Condensation
- Gross Pitaevskii Equation
- Off Diagonal Long Range Order
- Feynman Theory of Superfluidity (in book, but will skip in lectures. Not examinable)
- Ginzburg Landau Theory of Superfluids
- BCS Theory of Superconductors
Last updated: 2013.
There were apparently some lecture videos at: web.archive.org/web/20030604194654/http://physicsstream.ucsd.edu/courses/spring2003/physics130a/ as pointed out by Matthew Heaney[ref], .mov files can be found at: web.archive.org/web/*/http://physicsstream.ucsd.edu/courses/spring2003/physics130a/*, but we were yet unable to open them, related:
Quantum superposition is really weird because it is fundamentally different than "either definite state but I don't know which", because the superposition state leads to different measurements than the non-superposition state.
Examples:
- www.youtube.com/watch?v=tt8gVXDsh7Q "Interference in quantum mechanics" by Looking Glass Universe (2015) shows how a left-right spin measurement has a defined value for a superposed half up half down state, but not for a pure up state.TODO can this be conducted? As mentioned in the video, this is closely linked to the fact that you can describe the wave function in multiple different bases (up/down or left/right), which is also at the root of the uncertainty principle.
- Video "Quantum Mechanics 9b - Photon Spin and Schrodinger's Cat II by ViaScience (2013)" gives a similar photon version
- it seems that the single particle double slit experiment can also be thought of as in terms of a superposition of "the particle goes through the right" and "the particle goes through the right", although it is a bit harder to thing about as it is not a discrete process
These are "original" thoughts that Ciro had which at some point in the past amused him. Some would call them pieces of wisdom, others self delusion. All have likely been thought by others in the past, and some of them Ciro thinks to himself after a few years: "why did I like this back then??".
On the theory vs practice of computer science:
Whereas Turing completeness is enough for mathematicians, humans need "run-on-Debian-complete".
On how you make the best friends in life when dealing with hardships together.In Ciro's case, this in particular means going through high school/universities studies and work projects, though of course war would apply particularly well. Perhaps inspired by as iron sharpens iron, so one person sharpens another.
This is of course just another version of one picture is worth a thousand words.
Ciro Santilli considered it before he stopped using file managers altogether, it is not bad.
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