AMO is a slightly more general area than condensed matter physics, including related phenomena with smaller numbers atoms and optics. The two terms are however sometimes used as synonyms. The term AMO has gained wide usage and acceptability, see e.g.:
If Ciro had had greater foresight, this might have been what he studied at university!
Semiconductor by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16
The basis of 1970-20XX computers, gotta understand them I guess?
MusicXML by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16
Higher level than Csound: describes the notes only, not the exact waveforms it seems.
Therefore also a bit harder to convert to actual sound: stackoverflow.com/questions/33775336/convert-musicxml-to-wav but possibly easier to convert to LilyPond.
Now they need to create a "MusicCSS" that gives the waveforms! :-)
The usual "let's make a standard without a reference implementation" W3C approach.
Machine learning by Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-07-16
The main reason Ciro Santilli never touched it is that it feels that every public data set has already been fully mined or has already had the most interesting algorithms developed for it, so you can't do much outside of big companies.
This is why Ciro started Ciro's 2D reinforcement learning games to generate synthetic data and thus reduce the cost of data.
The other reason is that it is ugly.
Figure 1.
Ciro Santilli with his soon-to-be mother-in-law during his wedding in 2017
.
With pre-soldered male pin headers.
>>> machine.unique_id()
b'\xe6ad\x08C8%$'
  • Elegoo Breadboard power supply module MB‐V2:
    • Input voltage: 6.5-9v (DC) via 5.5mm x 2.1mm plug
    • Output voltage: 3.3V/5v
    • Maximum output current: 700 mA
    TODO center positive or center negative?
    Does not come with AC adapter, getting this one: www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B08ZN476FW output: DC 9V 1A Power Supply Adapter, Plug 5.5mm x 2.1mm, Center Positive,B rand: Security-01, input: AC 100-240V 50/60 Hz, Cable length: 1.8m
    Parts list from the ZIP:
  • resistors:
    • 10x each:
    • 30x 220
  • 1n4007 General Purpose Rectifier
  • 22pf 104 Ceramic Capacitor
  • 4N35 optocoupler
  • 74HC595 8-bit serial-in, serial or parallel-out shift register with output latches; 3-state
  • Active buzzer
  • Buttons
  • CDS-55 Photoresistor
  • Electrolytic Capacitor
  • Focusens MF52D 103f 3950 thermistor. Beta value 25/50 Celcius: 3950. R_25: I measured 9.61 k Ohms. The number 103 they document as:
    These descriptions are weird, but ChatGPT has the theory that the first two digits are actual values, and the last is multiplier, so which makes 10k.
    but I have no idea how that maps to 10 k Ohms.
  • PN2222 General Purpose Transistor
  • Passive buzzer
  • 3386p Bourns Precision Potentiometer - 1 103T: from 0 to 10k Ohms, measured with multimeter. According to the manual the "103" mean 10 k oms, which is consistent with our measurement. "P 103" is etched into the part.
  • LEDs:
    • White LED 10x
    • Kingbright RGB LEDs 10x red, green, yellow, blue:
      • maximum Continuous Forward Current: 30 mA for read and blue, 25 mA for green
      • 303025
      • under 20 mA
      20 mA appears to be the typical operation. So with the 2.0 V drop on 5 V power we want a resistor such that:
      for the max 50 mA we would instead have 60 Ohms
2022: saddle and seat post stolen near home. Burn in Hell, motherfuckers. Bought a seatpost marked SP342 MICROPOST ALLOY 3 30.4mm. Like this: web.archive.org/web/20220208115055/https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/Lightweight-Alloy-Micropost-Bike-MTB-Seatpost-25-4mm-Seat-Pin-300m-Long-Silver-/402311713393 but 30.4mm. OK, bought the Park Tool PW-5 15mm pedal wrench tool. Wasn't expensive at all.
TODO understand other markings on receipt: "18 Flourish FS W Sil XS".
The exact specs pages is lost forever. Closest one we've got is the 2020: web.archive.org/web/20200927204537/https://www.liv-cycling.com/gb/flourish-2
Frame: size: XS. Marking near bottom bracket: F/N GY17Z1327 DK: WGI GY17Z1327 F ES:BI-2339.
Seatpost: TODO diameter. Measured in store 30.4mm after original stolen, although 2020 says 30.9. 30.4mm seemed to fit OK, and measuring with ruler gives 30.5/30.6, I don't think a 30.9 can possibly fit.
Saddle: Liv Contact Comfort Plus Saddle, color golden brown. Same as this but blown: www.liv-cycling.com/gb/contact-comfort-plus-saddle-liv Actual color:
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cirosantilli/media/master/Liv_contact_comfort_plus_2018.jpg
The main four instruments are undoubtedly:but there is also amazing content on others which must not be missed, including:
Video 1.
25 musical instruments OF China by Learning Music Hub
. Source. Great video, covers all the most important ones briefly with examples of varying relevance.
Video 2.
A beginner’s guide to Chinese musical instruments by SCMP
. Source. 2024. Terrible editing, way to hard to see instrument name.
Video 3.
Chinese vs Western musical instrument battle scene from Our Shining Days
. Source. A bit cheap, but it has some value.

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