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Percentage is a way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100. It is often used to compare proportions or to describe how much of a whole is represented by a given quantity. The symbol for percentage is "%". For example, if you have 25 out of 100 apples, you can express this as 25%. This means that 25 apples represent 25 percent of the total 100 apples.

Elementary shapes, often referred to as basic or fundamental shapes, are the simplest geometric figures used in mathematics and design. They serve as the foundation for more complex shapes and structures. Some common examples of elementary shapes include: 1. **Point**: A precise location in a space with no dimensions (length, width, or height). 2. **Line**: A straight path that extends infinitely in both directions and has no thickness. It is defined by two points.

Orthogonality is a concept used in various fields, primarily in mathematics, statistics, and computer science, which describes the idea of two vectors being perpendicular to each other in a specific space. In the context of Euclidean space, two vectors are said to be orthogonal if their dot product is zero.

The STAR model is a structured approach often used in behavioral interviews to help candidates articulate their experiences effectively. STAR is an acronym that stands for: 1. **Situation**: Describe the context or background of a specific event or challenge you faced. This sets the stage for your story, providing the interviewer with necessary details about the circumstances. 2. **Task**: Explain the specific task or responsibility you had in that situation. This helps clarify what was expected of you and what your role was.

Post Irradiation Examination (PIE) refers to the analysis and evaluation of nuclear materials, particularly spent nuclear fuel and irradiated materials, after they have been subjected to neutron irradiation in a reactor. This examination is crucial for understanding the changes that occur in materials due to irradiation, including chemical, structural, and isotopic alterations.

Johanna Stachel might refer to a specific individual, but without additional context, it’s difficult to provide specific information. If you are referring to a person known in a certain field (like academia, literature, art, etc.) or if Johanna Stachel is related to a particular topic or event, please provide more details.

Several computer companies were disestablished in 2002. Notable examples include: 1. **Sirius Computer Solutions** - Once focused on providing computing solutions, the company underwent significant changes and was eventually disbanded. 2. **3Com** - Though not completely disbanded, this networking hardware company significantly downsized and underwent multiple restructuring processes in the early 2000s, which affected its operations profoundly around 2002.

Overcurrent refers to a condition in an electrical circuit where the current flowing exceeds the rated capacity or safe limits of the system. This excess current can occur due to various reasons, such as a short circuit, overload, or ground fault.

Poynting's theorem is a fundamental principle in electromagnetism that describes the relationship between electromagnetic fields and energy flow. It is named after the British physicist John Henry Poynting, who formulated the theorem in the late 19th century.

A rocket sled launch refers to a method of launching payloads or testing vehicles using a sled accelerated by rocket propulsion. This technique is often used in experimental and testing scenarios, such as evaluating the performance of new technologies or materials under extreme conditions. Here are the key components and principles involved in a rocket sled launch: 1. **Sled Design**: The sled itself is typically a large platform that can carry a variety of payloads, such as missiles, spacecraft, or other equipment.

The term "Transformer effect" can refer to different contexts depending on the field of discussion, but one of the most common references is within the realm of electrical engineering. In this context, the "Transformer effect" typically relates to the operation of electrical transformers, which are devices used to change the voltage of alternating current (AC) in electrical circuits. In electrical transformers: 1. **Basic Principle**: The Transformer effect relies on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

A waveguide in the context of radio frequency (RF) is a structure that guides electromagnetic waves, typically in the microwave or millimeter-wave frequency ranges. Waveguides can take various forms, including rectangular or cylindrical tubes, and they serve as conduits for transmitting electromagnetic energy from one point to another with minimal loss.

The terms "direct band gap" and "indirect band gap" refer to the nature of electronic transitions between the valence band and conduction band in semiconductors and insulators. These concepts are crucial for understanding the optical and electronic properties of materials, especially in the context of their use in electronic and optoelectronic devices.

The plus-minus sign, denoted as ±, is a mathematical symbol used to indicate a value that can be either positive or negative. It is often used in various contexts, such as: 1. **Measurements and Uncertainty**: When reporting a measurement, ± is used to express the potential error or uncertainty in that measurement. For example, if a length is measured as 50 cm ± 2 cm, it means the actual length could be between 48 cm and 52 cm.

The Angle Bisector Theorem is a fundamental principle in geometry that relates the lengths of the sides of a triangle to the segments created by an angle bisector.

Angular diameter (or angular size) is a measure of how large an object appears to an observer, expressed as an angle. It is typically measured in degrees, arcminutes, or arcseconds. Angular diameter is important in fields such as astronomy, where it helps to describe the apparent size of celestial objects (like stars, planets, and galaxies) from a specific point of view, typically from Earth or another observation point.

The term "American physicists" refers to individuals from the United States who study or work in the field of physics, which is the branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy. American physicists have made significant contributions to various areas of physics, including theoretical physics, experimental physics, condensed matter physics, astrophysics, and more.

The Oddo–Harkins rule is a concept in nuclear physics that addresses the relative abundance of isotopes of certain elements. It states that elements with an atomic number greater than 5 tend to have a greater abundance of even-numbered isotopes compared to odd-numbered isotopes.