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Union Seamount is an underwater volcanic mountain located in the Pacific Ocean, specifically in the central part of the South Pacific Ocean. Seamounts are typically formed by volcanic activity and rise from the ocean floor, but they do not reach the water's surface. Union Seamount is part of a larger group of underwater features known as the "Union Seamounts," which generally refer to a series of related underwater volcanic structures.

Weddell Plain is a geographic feature located in Antarctica, specifically within the region of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. It is characterized as an expansive, relatively flat area that is situated between the Weddell Sea and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The area is of interest to scientists and researchers due to its glaciological dynamics, ecological significance, and the ongoing study of climate change and its impact on polar environments.

Wedi Ireng Beach is a scenic beach located in the eastern part of Indonesia, specifically on the island of Java in the region of Banyuwangi. It is known for its stunning natural beauty, featuring fine white sand, clear blue waters, and lush green hills surrounding the area. The beach is often praised for its picturesque landscapes, making it a popular destination for both local and international tourists.

Wegener Canyon is a submarine canyon located on the continental shelf of Antarctica, specifically off the coast of Queen Maud Land. It is named after the German meteorologist and geophysicist Alfred Wegener, who is best known for his theory of continental drift. The canyon is significant due to its geophysical features and the role it plays in ocean currents and sediment transport in the Southern Ocean.

Harry Hammond Hess (1906–1969) was an American geologist and a major figure in the development of the theory of plate tectonics. He is best known for his contributions to the understanding of seafloor spreading, a key concept in the theory of plate tectonics which explains how new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and how it subsequently moves away from the ridges, causing continental drift.

Berge's theorem is a foundational result in combinatorial optimization and graph theory, specifically relating to bipartite graphs. The theorem provides a characterization of maximum matchings in bipartite graphs and links it to the concept of "augmenting paths.

A chord diagram is a graphical representation used to visualize relationships or connections between different entities within a circular layout. In mathematics and data visualization, it typically consists of a circle where each entity (or node) is represented by a point on the circumference of the circle. Chords are drawn between these points to represent the relationships or interactions between the entities. **Key Features of a Chord Diagram:** 1.

The prudent avoidance principle is a risk management strategy that emphasizes minimizing exposure to potential hazards when uncertainty exists about the risks and their consequences. It is commonly referenced in the context of environmental and health risks, particularly concerning exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs), chemicals, and other potentially harmful substances. The core idea behind prudent avoidance is to take precautionary measures even in the absence of definitive evidence linking exposure to adverse health effects.

Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) is a systematic approach used primarily in industries such as oil and gas, chemical processing, and power generation to prioritize and manage the inspection and maintenance of assets based on their risk levels. The core idea behind RBI is to focus resources on the most critical components or systems that pose the highest risk to safety, environmental protection, and operational integrity.

Autonomous ships, also known as uncrewed or unmanned vessels, are marine vessels that operate without a human crew on board. These ships utilize advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, sensors, and various navigational systems to navigate, avoid obstacles, and carry out operations independently or with minimal human intervention. Several characteristics define autonomous ships: 1. **Automation**: Autonomous ships are equipped with automation systems that can control navigation, engine functions, and other operational aspects without direct human control.

The West Greenland Current is a significant oceanic current located off the western coast of Greenland. It is part of the larger North Atlantic Ocean circulation system and plays a crucial role in the regional marine ecosystem and climate. The current originates as a branch of the North Atlantic Current, which is a warm current that flows northward. The West Greenland Current itself flows southward along the western coast of Greenland, bringing colder water from the Arctic region downwards.

Western Approaches refers to a significant geographical area in the North Atlantic Ocean, specifically the waters off the western coast of Europe, including parts of the British Isles, France, and beyond. It is often associated with naval and maritime operations, particularly during World War II, when the region was a critical theater of war. In a historical context, "Western Approaches" may also refer to the naval command center established in Liverpool, England, during World War II.

The Yap Trench is a subduction zone located in the western Pacific Ocean, specifically to the east of the Yap Islands in Micronesia. It is formed by the convergence of the Pacific Plate and the smaller Yap Plate. In this geological setting, the Pacific Plate is being forced down into the mantle beneath the Yap Plate, leading to various geological phenomena such as earthquakes and the formation of deep ocean trenches.

Yomei Seamount is an undersea volcanic feature located in the western Pacific Ocean. It is part of the larger Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands arc, which is known for its geological activity and unique marine ecosystems. Seamounts like Yomei are typically characterized by their steep underwater slopes and can provide important habitats for various marine species.

Yuryaku Seamount is an underwater mountain located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, part of the volcanic arc system associated with the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands. It is one of several seamounts in the region, which are often formed by volcanic activity. Seamounts like Yuryaku are significant for marine biodiversity, as they provide habitats for various marine organisms and can influence local ocean currents and ecosystems.

Zhemchug Canyon is a significant underwater canyon located in the Bering Sea, off the coast of the Russian Far East. It's one of the largest underwater canyons in the world, known for its depth and size. The canyon extends approximately 250 kilometers (about 155 miles) long and reaches depths of around 2,500 meters (about 8,200 feet).

Çınarcık Basin is a geological and geographical feature located in Turkey, specifically in the Marmara region, near the town of Çınarcık in Yalova Province. It is part of the larger North Anatolian Fault Zone, which is a significant transform fault that runs across northern Turkey and is known for its seismic activity.

The geography of the New Zealand seabed is diverse and complex, reflecting the country's unique tectonic setting and oceanographic conditions. Here are some key aspects of the seabed around New Zealand: 1. **Continental Shelf**: The New Zealand continental shelf is relatively narrow, ranging from about 12 to 50 kilometers wide in most places. This shelf is characterized by a variety of habitats including sandy, muddy, and rocky substrates, supporting diverse marine life.

A Risk Management Framework (RMF) is a structured approach for identifying, assessing, managing, and monitoring risks to achieve an organization's objectives. It provides guidelines, principles, and best practices for risk management processes and helps organizations make informed decisions regarding risk exposure. Key components of a Risk Management Framework typically include the following: 1. **Risk Identification**: Recognizing potential risks that could affect the organization, including internal and external factors.

Risk governance refers to the framework and processes by which organizations identify, assess, manage, and communicate risks. It is an integral part of an organization's overall governance and involves the involvement of various stakeholders, including management, the board of directors, and employees, to ensure that risks are understood and effectively managed. Key components of risk governance include: 1. **Risk Identification**: Recognizing potential risks that could impact the organization’s objectives.