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Mirjam van Praag is a notable Dutch academic and business leader, recognized for her contributions to the fields of entrepreneurship, innovation, and management. She has held various academic positions, including serving as a professor at universities and contributing to research on topics related to business and economics. Additionally, she has been involved in leadership roles in several organizations, focusing on enhancing the impact of research and education in the business sector.

Montserrat Guillén is likely referring to a variety of subjects, which could include people, artworks, institutions, or concepts, depending on the context. However, without specific information, it's hard to determine exactly what you are referring to. If Montserrat Guillén pertains to a person, it could refer to an individual involved in fields such as academia, art, or another profession. If it's something else, such as a project, place, or concept, more context would help clarify.

Vanja Dukic appears to be a name and may refer to a person, but there isn't specific, widely known information available about someone by that name in popular culture or significant historical events as of my last update in October 2023. It’s possible that Vanja Dukic could be a private individual or an emerging figure in various fields, such as art, science, sports, or others.

Vera Pawlowsky-Glahn is a notable statistician and geostatistician recognized for her contributions to the field of compositional data analysis. She is known for her work on the theory and methods applied to data that represent parts of a whole, such as proportions or percentages, which are often constrained to sum to a fixed value (like 100%).

Transportation trade unions are organizations that represent the interests of workers in the transportation sector. These unions advocate for the rights and benefits of employees involved in various forms of transportation, including but not limited to: 1. **Aviation**: Flight attendants, pilots, ground crew, and air traffic controllers. 2. **Railroads**: Train conductors, engineers, maintenance workers, and other railroad employees. 3. **Shipping and Maritime**: Workers in shipping companies, ports, and on ships.

Travel-related organizations encompass a wide range of entities and groups involved in the travel and tourism industry. These organizations can operate at local, national, or international levels and serve various functions, including promoting travel, providing services, and supporting travel-related businesses. Here are some key types of travel-related organizations: 1. **Tourism Boards**: These are government or non-profit organizations that promote tourism in specific regions or countries. They provide information on attractions, accommodations, and activities to potential visitors.

Wikipedia has various categories that are named after transportation organizations, which help categorize articles related to specific entities in the transportation sector. Some examples of these categories include: 1. **Aviation Organizations**: Categories related to air transport regulators, airlines, and aviation associations. 2. **Maritime Organizations**: Categories for maritime regulatory bodies, shipping companies, and marine safety organizations. 3. **Railway Organizations**: Includes categories for rail transport companies, railway regulators, and associations related to railroads.

Transport authorities are governmental or quasi-governmental organizations responsible for planning, regulating, and managing transportation systems and services within a specific jurisdiction. Their primary roles can include: 1. **Planning and Development**: Developing transportation policies and long-term plans to improve and expand infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, public transit systems, and airports. 2. **Regulation and Safety**: Establishing regulations to ensure the safety of transportation systems.

Transport companies are businesses that provide services related to the movement of goods and people from one location to another. These companies are a critical part of the logistics and supply chain industries, playing a key role in facilitating trade, commerce, and travel. Transport companies can specialize in various modes of transport, including: 1. **Road Transportation:** Companies that operate trucks, vans, or buses for the transport of goods and passengers over roads. Examples include freight trucking companies and bus services.

A cotransporter is a type of membrane protein that facilitates the simultaneous transport of two or more molecules across a cell membrane. The transport can occur in the same direction (symport) or in opposite directions (antiport). Cotransporters utilize the electrochemical gradient of one of the molecules, typically ions, to drive the transport of another molecule, which can be an ion or a different substance such as glucose or various amino acids.

Passive transport is a movement of ions and molecules across cell membranes without the need for energy input. This process relies on the natural concentration gradient, meaning substances move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration until equilibrium is achieved. There are several key types of passive transport: 1. **Diffusion**: The movement of small, nonpolar molecules (like oxygen and carbon dioxide) directly through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.

Turbulence refers to the chaotic, irregular motion of fluid (gases or liquids) that is characterized by vortices, eddies, and rapid changes in pressure and velocity. It contrasts with laminar flow, where fluid moves in smooth, orderly layers. In different contexts, turbulence can be described as follows: 1. **Physics and Fluid Dynamics**: In fluid mechanics, turbulence is seen when the Reynolds number—a dimensionless quantity that predicts flow patterns in different fluid flow situations—is high.

The vorticity equation is a fundamental equation in fluid dynamics that describes the evolution of vorticity in a fluid flow. Vorticity, which is a vector field, represents the tendency of fluid elements to rotate and is mathematically defined as the curl of the velocity field. In incompressible and inviscid flow (i.e.

The Weisz–Prater criterion is a dimensionless number used in the field of chemical engineering and catalysis to assess the effectiveness of diffusion processes in heterogeneous catalytic reactions. It is particularly important when analyzing catalytic reactions occurring on solid catalysts, as it helps determine whether the reaction is limited by the intraparticle diffusion of reactants into the catalyst or if it is primarily driven by the reaction kinetics on the surface.

Transport ministries are governmental departments or agencies responsible for the planning, development, regulation, and oversight of transportation systems within a country or region. These ministries typically handle a wide range of transportation modes, including road, rail, aviation, and maritime transport. Their primary objectives include: 1. **Policy Development**: Formulating transportation policies that promote safe, efficient, and sustainable transport systems.

Transport policy refers to the set of regulations, guidelines, and strategies adopted by a country to manage and develop its transportation systems. This policy encompasses various modes of transport, including road, rail, air, and maritime transport, and seeks to address issues such as infrastructure development, safety standards, environmental impact, accessibility, and funding.

The North East Joint Transport Committee (NEJTC) is a regional body in the North East of England responsible for coordinating transport planning and policies in the area. It was established to promote collaboration between the local authorities in the region—namely Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, North Tyneside, South Tyneside, Northumberland, and County Durham—on issues related to transport.

Transport standards organizations are entities that develop and promote regulations, guidelines, and standards related to transportation systems and infrastructure. These organizations aim to enhance safety, efficiency, interoperability, and environmental sustainability within the transportation sector, which includes road, rail, aviation, maritime, and other forms of transport. Key functions of transport standards organizations include: 1. **Standard Development**: They create technical standards that address various aspects of transportation, such as vehicle design, safety protocols, air traffic management, and logistics processes.

Ekman transport is a concept in oceanography that refers to the net movement of water induced by wind stress over the surface of the ocean. When wind blows across the surface of the sea, it creates friction between the air and the water, causing the surface water to move in the direction of the wind. However, due to the Coriolis effect—resulting from the Earth's rotation—the surface water is deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

Railway safety refers to the measures, regulations, practices, and technologies implemented to ensure the safe operation of railway systems and protect the lives of passengers, railway workers, and the communities surrounding railways. It encompasses a wide range of aspects, including: 1. **Infrastructure Safety**: Ensuring that the physical components of the railway system, such as tracks, bridges, tunnels, and signaling systems, are well-maintained and meet safety standards.