Display resolution refers to the amount of detail that an image can hold and is typically defined by the number of pixels in each dimension that can be displayed. It is expressed in terms of width x height, with both measurements given in pixels. For example, a display resolution of 1920 x 1080 means the screen has 1920 pixels horizontally and 1080 pixels vertically. Higher resolutions generally allow for clearer and sharper images, as more pixels can represent finer details.
DriveSpace is a disk compression utility that was used in Microsoft DOS and early versions of Windows, specifically in Windows 95 and Windows 98. It allowed users to create virtual drives by compressing files and directories on their hard drives, effectively increasing the amount of usable storage space. DriveSpace worked by compressing files on the disk and storing them in a way that would allow for compressed data to be accessed quickly.
Dyadic distribution refers to a specific statistical distribution that deals with the probabilities associated with pairs (dyads) of categorical data, often used in social sciences, network analysis, and mathematical statistics. The term can also relate to dyadic relationships in various settings, such as in psychology, sociology, or ecology, where it may explore relationships between two entities or components. In statistics, dyadic distributions may represent joint distributions of two random variables, capturing the dependencies between them.
Dynamic Markov Compression is a technique used in information theory and data compression that leverages the principles of Markov models to achieve efficient compression of data sequences. Here's an overview of the key components and concepts associated with this approach: ### Key Concepts: 1. **Markov Models**: A Markov model is a statistical model that represents a system which transitions between states based on certain probabilities.
Elias delta coding is a variable-length prefix coding scheme used for encoding integers, particularly useful in applications such as data compression and efficient numeral representation. It is part of a family of Elias codes, which also includes Elias gamma and Elias omega coding. The Elias delta coding scheme consists of the following steps for encoding a positive integer \( n \): 1. **Binary Representation**: First, determine the binary representation of the integer \( n \).
Elias gamma coding is a universal code used for encoding non-negative integers in a way that is both efficient and easy to decode. It is particularly useful in data compression and communication protocols. The primary goal of Elias gamma coding is to represent integers in a way that allows for a variable-length representation, optimizing space based on the size of the number being encoded.
Elias omega coding is a universal coding scheme used to encode positive integers in a variable-length binary format. It is part of the family of Elias codes, which are used in information theory for efficient representation of numbers. Elias omega coding is particularly effective for encoding larger integers due to its recursive structure.
Embedded Zerotrees of Wavelet Transforms (EZW) is a compression technique that leverages the properties of wavelet transforms to efficiently encode signals and images. It is particularly useful for compressing images due to its ability to exploit spatial redundancies and perceptual characteristics of human vision. ### Key Concepts: 1. **Wavelet Transform**: - Wavelet transforms decompose a signal or image into different frequency components at multiple scales.
Entropy coding is a type of lossless data compression technique that encodes data based on the statistical frequency of symbols. It uses the principle of entropy from information theory, which quantifies the amount of unpredictability or information content in a set of data. The goal of entropy coding is to represent data in a more efficient way, reducing the overall size of the data without losing any information.
Error Level Analysis (ELA) is a technique used in digital forensics and image analysis for detecting alterations in digital images. The basic premise behind ELA is that when an image is manipulated or edited, the compression levels of the modified areas may differ from the original areas. This is particularly relevant for images that are saved in lossy formats like JPEG. ### How ELA Works: 1. **Image Compression**: Digital images are often compressed to reduce file size.
Even–Rodeh coding is a type of error-correcting code that is used in the realm of digital communication and data storage. It is named after its inventors, Israeli mathematicians Shimon Even and David Rodeh. The primary purpose of this coding scheme is to detect and correct errors that may occur during the transmission or storage of data. The Even–Rodeh code is structured in a way that it can efficiently correct multiple bit errors in a codeword.
Exponential-Golomb coding (also known as Exp-Golomb coding) is a form of entropy coding used primarily in applications such as video coding (e.g., in the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard) and other data compression schemes. It is particularly effective for encoding integers and is designed to efficiently represent small values while allowing for larger values to be represented as well.
FELICS stands for "Federated Electronics Learning and Instructional Control System." It is a framework designed to facilitate and enhance the learning and instructional processes through technology. FELICS typically aims to integrate various electronic systems and tools to support educational objectives, improve the delivery of learning materials, and enable better communication between educators and learners.
Fibonacci coding is an encoding method that uses Fibonacci numbers to represent integers. This technique is particularly useful for representing non-negative integers in a unique and efficient way, mostly in the context of data compression. ### Key Features of Fibonacci Coding: 1. **Fibonacci Numbers**: In Fibonacci coding, each integer is represented using a sequence of Fibonacci numbers.
Fractal compression is a type of image compression technique that exploits the self-similar properties of images to achieve significant data reduction. The key idea behind this method is that many natural images contain patterns that repeat at various scales, which can be described mathematically using fractals. ### How Fractal Compression Works: 1. **Partitioning the Image**: The image is divided into many small blocks (also called ranges), usually of fixed size.
Frame rate, often expressed in frames per second (FPS), refers to the frequency at which consecutive images (frames) appear on a display. It is a critical aspect of video playback and animation, influencing the smoothness and clarity of motion in visual media. For instance: - **Low Frame Rate (e.g., 24 FPS)**: Common in cinema, it can create a more "cinematic" look, though it may appear less fluid compared to higher frame rates.
Generation loss refers to the degradation of quality that occurs each time a digital or analog signal is copied or transmitted. This concept is important in various fields, including audio and video production, telecommunications, and data storage. In the context of analog media, such as tape or film, generation loss occurs when a copy is made from an original source. The process introduces noise and reduces fidelity, leading to a lower-quality reproduction.
Golomb coding is a form of entropy encoding used in data compression, particularly suitable for representing non-negative integers with a geometric probability distribution. It was introduced by Solomon W. Golomb. The primary idea behind Golomb coding is to efficiently encode integers that commonly occur in certain applications, such as run-length encoding or certain types of image compression.
Huffman coding is a widely used method for data compression that assigns variable-length codes to input characters, with shorter codes assigned to more frequently occurring characters. The technique was developed by David A. Huffman in 1952 and forms the basis of efficient lossless data encoding. ### How Huffman Coding Works 1. **Frequency Analysis**: First, the algorithm counts the frequency of each character in the given input data.
The Hutter Prize is a monetary award established to encourage advancements in the field of lossless data compression. It is named after Marcus Hutter, an influential researcher in artificial intelligence and algorithms. The prize specifically targets algorithms that can compress a large text file, known as the "The Hutter Prize Corpus," which is based on a large English text. The main goal of the prize is to incentivize research into compression algorithms that can demonstrate significant improvements over current methods.