Children: Geodesy
The term "apparent place" can refer to different concepts depending on the context, particularly in astronomy and navigation. Here are a couple of interpretations: 1. **Astronomy**: In celestial mechanics, the "apparent place" of a celestial body is its position as observed from Earth, taking into account the effects of atmospheric refraction and other observational factors. This is in contrast to the "true place," which refers to the actual position of the celestial body in space without those distortions.
The Asian Association on Remote Sensing (AARS) is an international organization that focuses on the promotion and advancement of remote sensing technologies and applications in Asia. Established to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and expertise among countries in the region, AARS plays a key role in fostering collaboration among researchers, institutions, and organizations engaged in remote sensing activities.
Azimuth is a term used in various fields such as astronomy, navigation, and geography. It refers to the angle measured in a horizontal plane from a reference direction, usually true north, to the direction of an object. The angle is typically measured in degrees, from 0° to 360°, where: - 0° corresponds to true north, - 90° corresponds to east, - 180° corresponds to south, - 270° corresponds to west.
The Bedford Level Experiment refers to a series of investigations conducted in the 19th century to measure the curvature of the Earth. The most famous of these experiments was carried out by the British scientist Samuel Rowbotham in 1865, who was a proponent of the flat Earth theory. The experiment took place in the Bedford Level, a series of drainage channels in the Fenlands of England.
The Bessel ellipsoid refers to a specific mathematical model of the Earth's shape, which is used in geodesy and cartography. Named after the German mathematician and astronomer Friedrich Bessel, the Bessel ellipsoid is an oblate spheroid that approximates the shape of the Earth, particularly in relation to the geodetic surveys of the 19th century.
Bundle adjustment is an optimization technique commonly used in computer vision and photogrammetry to refine a visual reconstruction by minimizing the discrepancies between observed and predicted image features. It simultaneously adjusts the 3D structure of a scene and the camera parameters (such as position and orientation) to improve the accuracy of the visual representation.
Cartography is the art and science of designing, creating, and studying maps. It involves the representation of geographic information and spatial relationships on a two-dimensional surface. Cartographers utilize various techniques and technologies, including geographic information systems (GIS), to analyze spatial data and present it in a way that is accurate, informative, and aesthetically pleasing.
The Cataclysmic Pole Shift Hypothesis is a theory that suggests significant and rapid changes in the Earth's geographic poles could lead to catastrophic effects on the planet's environment, climate, and life. This idea encompasses several concepts, including the possibility that the Earth's crust could shift relative to its molten core, leading to a sudden reorientation of the planet's surface.
The Cavendish experiment, conducted by British scientist Henry Cavendish in 1797-1798, was a groundbreaking experiment that measured the force of gravitational attraction between masses. The primary aim of the experiment was to determine the density of the Earth, but it also yielded the first accurate measurement of the gravitational constant (G), which is fundamental to our understanding of gravitational interactions.
The Chandler wobble is a small oscillation in the Earth's rotation axis. Named after American astronomer Seth Carlo Chandler, who discovered it in the late 19th century, this wobble involves a periodic movement of about 9 meters (30 feet) in the Earth's rotation axis relative to its surface, with a cycle of roughly 433 days.
Chronometric singularity is a theoretical concept in physics and cosmology that arises in the context of general relativity and the study of black holes. It refers to a point in spacetime where the laws of physics, as we currently understand them, break down, primarily in relation to time and causality. In mathematical terms, a singularity is a point at which some quantity (like density, temperature, or curvature of spacetime) becomes infinite or undefined.
Clairaut's theorem is a principle in classical physics related to the gravitational field produced by a rotating body. It states that the gravitational potential at the surface of a rotating spheroid (like Earth) is constant along surfaces of constant gravitational potential. More specifically, for a rotating mass, Clairaut's theorem implies that the gravitational acceleration can be expressed as a function of both the distance from the center of the object and the angular velocity (rotation rate) of the object.
Computer cartography is the use of computer technology to create, analyze, and manipulate maps and geographic information. It involves the application of software and tools to generate cartographic representations of spatial data, allowing for a more efficient and accurate way to visualize geographic information. Key components of computer cartography include: 1. **GIS (Geographic Information Systems)**: These systems are integral to computer cartography and are used for capturing, storing, analyzing, and managing spatial data.
The Corps of Military Topographers was a specialized unit within the Russian Imperial Army, established in the early 19th century to conduct topographic surveys and produce maps. It was formed to improve the military's geographical knowledge and facilitate better planning for campaigns and operations. Topographers in this corps were responsible for gathering data on terrain, natural resources, and other geographical features that would affect military activities. The Corps played a significant role in mapping vast expanses of territory, especially as the Russian Empire expanded.
Day length fluctuations refer to the variations in the duration of daylight experienced over the course of the year due to the tilt of the Earth's axis and its orbit around the Sun. This phenomenon is most noticeable at higher latitudes, where the difference between the longest and shortest days can be significant, particularly during the summer and winter solstices. The key factors contributing to day length fluctuations include: 1. **Tilt of Earth's Axis**: The Earth is tilted at an angle of approximately 23.
"Double summit" can refer to different things depending on the context. Here are a few possible interpretations: 1. **Geographical Term**: In mountaineering, a "double summit" might refer to a mountain that has two prominent peaks or summits. Climbers may refer to the challenges of reaching both peaks.
Dynamic height generally refers to a height measurement that can change or adapt based on certain conditions or parameters. The specific meaning can vary depending on the context in which it's used. Here are a few examples: 1. **In User Interface Design**: Dynamic height might refer to elements (like divs or containers) that change their height based on content. For example, a website may have a dropdown menu that expands and contracts based on the amount of content within it.
ED50, or the "effective dose 50," is a term commonly used in pharmacology and toxicology to describe the dose of a drug or substance that produces a therapeutic effect in 50% of a population or experimental subjects. It is a key measure in assessing the efficacy of a drug and helps to understand its potency and the dose-response relationship.
The EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset, maintained by the European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG), is a detailed database that provides authoritative descriptions of geodetic parameters. It includes information about coordinate reference systems (CRS), geodetic datums, coordinate transformations, and related geospatial information used in mapping, navigation, and geographic information systems (GIS).
The circumference of Earth varies depending on how it is measured. The equatorial circumference is about 40,075 kilometers (24,901 miles), while the polar circumference is slightly smaller at about 40,008 kilometers (24,860 miles) due to the planet's oblate spheroid shape.