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The American Water Works Association (AWWA) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1881 that represents members of the water supply industry in North America. Its mission is to improve water quality and supply through education, advocacy, and collaboration among water professionals. AWWA provides a wide range of resources, including technical publications, training programs, conferences, and networking opportunities, aimed at advancing knowledge and practices related to water supply and treatment.

An aquifer is a geological formation that can store and transmit water. It typically consists of permeable materials, such as sand, gravel, or fractured rock, that allow water to flow through them. Aquifers are crucial sources of freshwater and are often tapped for drinking water, irrigation, and industrial uses. Aquifers can be classified into two main types: 1. **Unconfined Aquifers**: These are not restricted by impermeable layers above them.

An aquifer test, also known as a pump test or a specific capacity test, is a method used to assess the hydraulic properties of an aquifer or groundwater system. The primary goal of this test is to measure the aquifer's permeability and the sustainable yield of a well. ### Key Components of an Aquifer Test: 1. **Pumping Phase**: Water is extracted from a well at a controlled rate for a specified period.

Armourstone is a type of large, durable rock used in construction and civil engineering, primarily for coastal and riverbank protection, as well as for landscaping and erosion control. It serves as a key component in the creation of breakwaters, sea walls, and revetments, designed to absorb and deflect the energy of waves and prevent soil erosion. Typically, armourstone is quarried from natural stone such as granite, limestone, or basalt due to its strength and resilience.

The Association Départementale Isère Drac Romanche (ADIDR) is a French organization that primarily focuses on community development and support in the Isère department, particularly in the Drac and Romanche valleys. While specific details about the organization might vary, such associations typically work on social integration, environmental sustainability, cultural promotion, and local development initiatives. They often collaborate with local authorities, NGOs, and community members to address various issues and improve the quality of life in their regions.

Avulsion, in the context of rivers, refers to the rapid change in a river's course that occurs when a river channel is abandoned in favor of a new one. This process can happen due to various factors, including natural events like flooding, erosion, sediment deposition, or human activities that alter the landscape around the river.

A "balancing lake" is a type of water body used in hydrology and civil engineering, particularly in the context of stormwater management. It serves as a temporary storage area for excess rainwater or stormwater runoff. The primary purpose of a balancing lake is to regulate water flow, reduce flooding risks, and maintain water quality before the water is gradually released back into a natural watercourse or stormwater system.

The concept of "Beam Origin" often relates to physics, particularly in the study of particle beams in particle accelerators or optics, as well as in fields like computer graphics and laser technology. However, without a specific context, it's a bit ambiguous. Here are a few interpretations based on different domains: 1. **Particle Physics**: In high-energy physics, the "origin" of a beam can refer to the starting point of a particle beam, where particles are generated and emitted.

"Berkad" can refer to a few different concepts depending on the context: 1. **Somali Culture**: In Somali tradition, "berkad" (or "berkadi") refers to a water storage structure often made of concrete or other materials. These structures are used to collect and store rainwater, which is particularly valuable in arid regions where water scarcity is a concern.

Borehole mining is a method of extracting minerals or resources from the earth through boreholes, which are essentially deep, narrow holes drilled into the ground. This technique is often used to mine specific minerals or materials from locations that may be difficult to access with conventional mining methods. Here are some key features and aspects of borehole mining: 1. **Drilling Process**: Borehole mining involves drilling a borehole vertically or at an angle to reach the target mineral deposit.

Bridge scour is the process by which the natural flow of water erodes the foundation materials (such as soil, sand, or gravel) around and beneath a bridge structure. This erosion happens due to the fast-moving water around bridge piers, abutments, or other components, which can remove sediment and weaken the structural support.

Cable fairing refers to structures designed to reduce the drag and turbulence caused by underwater cables, such as those used for telecommunications or electricity transmission. Fairings are typically streamlined shapes that help to minimize resistance and improve the hydrodynamic performance of cables when they are laid on or buried in the seabed. These fairings can be particularly important in ocean environments, where high currents and turbulent conditions can affect the stability and efficiency of the cables.

The California Gold Rush was a pivotal event in American history that began in 1848 and lasted into the early 1850s. It originated when gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California, by James W. Marshall, a carpenter working for John Sutter, a Swiss immigrant and land baron. News of the discovery spread rapidly, leading to a massive influx of people to California in search of wealth.

Carlo Lotti may refer to a few different subjects, but it often pertains to a notable figure in the context of art, literature, or music. Specifically, Carlo Lotti is not widely recognized as a prominent historical figure in mainstream culture or history.

The Chianan Irrigation System is a major irrigation project located in Taiwan, primarily serving the agricultural regions in the Chianan area, which includes parts of Tainan, Chiayi, and Yunlin counties. Established in the mid-20th century, the system plays a crucial role in managing water resources for irrigation in a region known for its agriculture, particularly rice, fruits, and vegetables.

The COBRA probe, or the "COral and Fisheries Biodiversity Research Assessment" probe, refers to an advanced marine research tool designed to study coral reef ecosystems and assess biodiversity in marine environments. It is typically equipped with various sensors and instruments to collect data on water quality, temperature, light levels, and other environmental parameters, as well as to conduct observations of marine life.

A combined sewer is a type of wastewater collection system that conveys both sewage (wastewater from households and industries) and stormwater (rainwater runoff) in a single pipe. This system is designed to handle both types of runoff but can lead to problems, especially during heavy rain events. When there is significant rainfall, the volume of water can exceed the capacity of the combined sewer system, resulting in combined sewer overflows (CSOs).

Conjugate depth is a term used primarily in the context of optics and imaging, particularly in relation to lenses and optical systems. It refers to the specific location in an optical system where light rays converge or where an image is formed, which is conjugate to another point.

Daylighting, in the context of streams and waterways, refers to the practice of reopening and restoring natural streams that have previously been buried or diverted into culverts, pipes, or other artificial channels. The goal of daylighting is to restore the natural flow of water, improve ecological health, enhance water quality, and revitalize surrounding landscapes and communities.

"Desagüe" is a Spanish term that translates to "drain" or "drainage" in English. It refers to the system or process by which excess water, usually from rain or other sources, is removed from an area. This can involve various methods, including natural drainage systems like rivers and ditches, as well as engineered solutions such as pipes and drainage channels.