Convection is a mode of heat transfer that occurs in fluids (liquids and gases) and is characterized by the movement of molecules within the fluid. In convection, warmer areas of a fluid become less dense and rise, while cooler areas become denser and sink. This movement creates a continuous circulation pattern that helps redistribute heat throughout the fluid.
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Convection transports properties such as energy or composition through bulk fluid motion. Thermal convection is driven by temperature-dependent buoyancy.