27 August, pp.99–100 and continuation of “On Digitaline”: pharmaceutical variability and colour tests, with specificity limitations.

14 April 1865, p.179, concluding review of the Report on the Air of Mines and Confined Places: permanganate interference and caution about organic-matter estimates.

W. Ernest Thomson, Glasgow Medical Journal 41 (January 1894), pp. 22–38. Cited passage: p. 36, Experiment XLVIII (Physical Experiment), direct comparison of one-third carbon dioxide with two-thirds oxygen or two-thirds air. Only the physical taper experiment is used; the author's therapeutic opinions are not adopted. This is a later primary experiment, not evidence of an 1866 examination observation.

Teaching goal: acid–carbonate generation of carbon dioxide. The demonstration supports gas preparation and qualitative extinguishing behaviour, not a numerical uniform-mixture extinction threshold.

Extinguishing Mechanism of Carbon Dioxide: thermophysical suppression and dilution. The fire-suppression application and associated health risks are distinct from a small-taper laboratory endpoint.

Journal of Chemical Education 97 (2020), pp. 1195–1197. Original experimental abstract: temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxide sensors at different heights demonstrate spatially varying conditions and oxygen remaining at extinction. No numerical extinction fraction is taken from this paper.

Institutional chemical data from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Cited Physical Description, flammability and Symptoms.

Institutional analytical tables. Cited printed p. 203 and associated organic-analysis tables: sodium-fusion screening for nitrogen, sulfur and halogens. This later publication corroborates analytical conversion principles; it is not presented as an 1865 official manual.

Institutional class experiment: metal-hydroxide colours, solubility in excess sodium hydroxide and separate tests for negative ions. Used to explain analytical principles, not as a record of an 1865 sample result.

Polytechnisches Journal 140, p.78. Contemporary report of the March 1856 communication; glycerol, oxalic acid, temperature control and repeated aqueous distillation.

p.466, nitric-acid recovery account; opening example names starch oxidation for oxalic acid manufacture.

pp.209 onward, calomel condensation apparatus and fine powder collection. Historical therapeutic assertions are not used as current conclusions.

p.77, arsenic-bearing ore roasting, collecting chambers, resublimation and antimony contamination.

pp.424 onward, potassium chlorate manufacture using hot lime and potassium chloride; stirred steam-heated apparatus.

South Lancashire chemical manufacture report; Oxalsäure section records sawdust and mixed alkali production.

Institutional virtual laboratory, Theory: Fehling's solution, copper(I) oxide and limitations. The separate discussion of organic oxidation products in the solution does not assume a unique gluconate product.

World Journal of Chemical Education 7, 45–52, DOI 10.12691/wjce-7-2-3. Cited §2.3 on misinterpretation and complexity of copper-test organic products.

Compound 73415808; total elemental formula C8H10K2O15Sb2, corresponding to the modern trihydrate double formula.

Inspected indexed text: Mercury, p.141, bichloride manufacture and following calomel methods. Chemical routes are cited without identifying this as the 1864 British Pharmacopoeia.

Title page identifies John G. Murphy, Lindsay and Blakiston, Philadelphia, 1851. Cited Nitrogen, p.115: older binoxide formula, name nitric oxide and elemental volume comparison. Other historical physiological claims are not adopted.