Primary source: elmore.dgsom.ucla.edu/

Verified locator: About Our Research Group: cancer screening and diagnosis, physician variability, statistical methods and machine learning. The news image is explicitly labelled a headshot of Dr. Elmore.

National Cancer Institute fact sheet. The opening What is a common mole? section defines a mole as a skin growth formed by clustered melanocytes and gives nevus as another name. The Can a common mole turn into melanoma? section distinguishes noncancerous common moles from melanoma. These definitional passages are separate from the page’s clinical advice.

Joann G. Elmore and colleagues, BMJ 357, j2813 (2017), DOI doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j2813 . Primary byline and abstract: 240 skin-biopsy cases, randomized sets interpreted on two occasions at least eight months apart; 187 pathologists completed the first phase. The study distinguishes reproducibility from agreement with an experienced consensus reference.

Manufacturer product information, Compliance chart, nominal 2.00 mm column: diameter 2.00 mm at the row labeled 6 atm and 2.16 mm at 10 atm. The table also provides ordering information. The cited calculation uses the explicitly labeled atm rows and the unambiguous 2.00 mm column.

Professional-society description. Opening definition: medical specialization in skin, hair and nails. The sections on dermatopathologists describe microscopic examination of sampled skin, hair or nail. Training and certification descriptions on this page concern the stated US setting.

Faculty of Medicine institutional history, heading Åke Senning (1915–2000), opening biography: technical innovations, cardiac surgery and appointment to lead Surgical Clinic A in 1961. The page links the named Senning portrait at www.med.uzh.ch/dam/jcr%3A3b041395-bb63-4529-865c-89d2cf5781ab/%C3%85ke_Senning02.jpg .

Primary professional apparatus description: vascular.org/your-vascular-health/your-care-journey/testing/carotid-duplex . Society for Vascular Surgery. Describes carotid ultrasound for detecting narrowing and examining blood flow, using a hand-held sound-wave probe and coupling gel. Used to explain observation of anatomy and flow; no treatment threshold or patient-specific advice is inferred.

Primary report: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/449946/ . A. R. Grüntzig, A. Senning and W. E. Siegenthaler, New England Journal of Medicine 301(2), 61–68, 12 July 1979; DOI doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197907123010201 . Abstract describes the balloon catheter, a 50-patient series and paired stenosis/pressure-gradient observations, alongside failures and emergency bypasses. Published initials retained. This historical series does not establish modern comparative efficacy.

Primary FDA engineering guidance, April 18, 2010: www.fda.gov/media/71639/download . Section I defines deployment mechanisms; IV.B.4–11 covers recoil, radial response, integrity and durability. The official page notes a 2015 augmentation: www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/non-clinical-engineering-tests-and-recommended-labeling-intravascular-stents-and-associated-delivery .

Primary reporting-standard paper: d1xe7tfg0uwul9.cloudfront.net/cbc-portal/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/012009-JVSIII.pdf . Robert B. Rutherford and colleagues, Journal of Vascular Surgery 26, 517–538 (1997). Original p. 517 byline directly verifies Robert B. Rutherford. Printed pp. 524–525 distinguish failed/failing grafts and primary, assisted primary and secondary patency; pp. 525 onward discuss time-dependent patency estimation. No current treatment recommendations are inferred.

Primary hospital physician record headed PD Dr. med. Daniel Dindo. Identifies surgery and proctology as professional areas and lists earlier visceral/transplantation-surgery work in Zurich.

Primary CHUV announcement dated 15 December 2022. The biographical paragraph identifies Nicolas Demartines with visceral surgery, liver/pancreatic cancer surgery and the University of Lausanne. The announcement is used as a dated professional-background source, not as proof of a current executive appointment.

Primary university faculty record. Names Pierre-Alain Clavien, identifies the Zurich visceral/transplantation-surgery clinic, and links a named Pierre-Alain Clavien portrait. The exact institutional portrait URL is www.med.uzh.ch/contacts/med/00_Team_Archive/pclavien%2Cphd/photo/clavien_pierrealain.jpg .

Primary professional explanation: vascular.org/your-vascular-health/your-care-journey/testing/angiogram . Describes X-ray imaging with a contrast agent and possible balloon angioplasty or stent placement during the procedure. Used for the relationship between imaging and catheter-based intervention, not a procedure manual or individualized advice.

Primary professional explanation: vascular.org/your-vascular-health/your-care-journey/treatments/surgical-bypass . What is Surgical Bypass? describes natural or synthetic grafts routing blood around an obstructed region; the original obstruction is not removed merely by creating the bypass. The page discusses follow-up ultrasound to monitor the graft. Used for procedure and material-function descriptions, not treatment selection or an individualized prognosis.

Primary institutional biography. Heading identifies Judah Folkman, MD; dates February 24, 1933–January 14, 2008; named portrait link folkman-judah.jpg. The biography discusses the 1971 angiogenesis hypothesis and explicitly acknowledges earlier observations of tumor angiogenesis. Only identity, dates and portrait context are used from this retrospective.

Primary paper: pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1360123/ . Daniel Dindo, Nicolas Demartines and Pierre-Alain Clavien, Annals of Surgery 240(2), 205–213 (2004); DOI doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae . Methods and Definitions distinguish deviation from normal postoperative course, failure to cure and inherent sequelae. Table 1 states the revised classification. Evaluation used a 6,336-patient cohort and an international surgeon survey.

Patients and Methods, Validation of the Modified Classification: patients with more than one complication were represented by their most severe complication. The international survey used clinical case descriptions; the abstract reports 144 surgeon respondents from 10 centers. These reporting choices distinguish patient-level severity summaries from total event counts and raw agreement from clinical validity.

Primary professional explanation: vascular.org/your-vascular-health/your-care-journey/vascular-care-team/what-vascular-surgeon . Describes arterial and venous disease care, open and endovascular procedures and nonoperative management. The page identifies the usual scope outside the heart and brain. Used for specialty scope rather than individual treatment selection.

Primary professional profile headed Jonathan P. Gertler, MD. Clinical/scientific paragraph identifies former academic vascular-surgery work at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital and publications in endothelial and smooth-muscle cell biology. The named image link is BBLSA_JonathanGertler.jpg. The professional-society memorial by Jonathan Gertler, MD, for Massachusetts General Hospital corroborates the clinical context;

Official technical description: riskcalculator.facs.org/RiskCalculator/about.html . Describes patient predictors and the planned procedure as inputs for predicting defined outcomes within 30 days after surgery. The calculator is intended to support surgical decision-making and informed consent. The page distinguishes multiple outcomes and does not make a patient-specific prediction a certainty.