Institutional biography, Titles and Biography: identifies Peter M. Aronow, Yale appointments and research on design-based causal inference, complex experimental designs, networks and incomplete survey data. The biography records an update on 7 April 2025.

Personal academic biography: NYU politics affiliation, quantitative methodology and causal inference, field research, and education. The portrait is the image labelled cds_self on this page.

Primary institutional staff biography. Identifies the mathematician and teacher through redeveloping MIT 18.05; describes low-dimensional topology work, later computational research and return to MIT in 2023. This directly connects the profile to the named coauthor of the existing MIT 18.05 Covariance and Correlation reading.

Primary institutional description by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.

Our Mission, Advance the Application, and What Is Applied Mathematics: mathematical and computational methods connecting scientific and practical problems. No changing membership counts or current officeholders reused.

By Jacob Lurie.

Verified locator: Sections 1.1–1.2: overview and language of higher categories. Published front matter identifies Princeton University Press, 2009.

Verified locator: Basics, Difference Arithmetic and Non-linear arithmetic. Official project documentation.

Cambridge University Press, 1910. Includes an English rendering of the primary Arithmetica. Cited passage: translated Arithmetica, Book II, Problem 8, splitting a square into two rational squares; historical interpretation is separate from the translated problem text.

DOI: doi.org/10.1093/biomet/70.1.41

DOI: doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2016.1260466

DOI: doi.org/10.1214/12-AOS1058

DOI: doi.org/10.1002/pst.433

DOI: doi.org/10.1111/j.0006-341X.2002.00021.x

DOI: doi.org/10.1136/jech.2004.029496

Primary text: cran.r-project.org/web/packages/survival/vignettes/survival.pdf

Cited passages: Sections 1.4 and 3.1 for risk-set notation and fitted Cox models; Section 5.1, pp. 90–91, for untied partial-likelihood contributions and Breslow, Efron and exact handling of tied event times. The title page identifies the author and document date.

Primary text: grodri.github.io/glms/notes/c7.pdf

Cited passages: Generalized Linear Models lecture notes, chapter 7: event-time survival/hazard identities, right-censoring likelihood (Section 7.2, equation 7.7) and the Poisson likelihood equivalence for piecewise proportional hazards (Section 7.4). Author site grodri.github.io/glms/notes/ identifies the Princeton course and instructor. Cited for the likelihood conventions, not as a clinical recommendation.

Primary text: www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1974.10480146

Cited passages: Publisher abstract: some response times are censored on the left and some on the right. Journal of the American Statistical Association 69(345), pp. 169–173. The publisher abstract was inspected; access to the full paper was unavailable.

SIAM Review 42, 599–653. By Herbert W. Hethcote.

Verified section 3, printed p. 621: SIS reductions and explicit Bernoulli solvability at constant population. The no-demography normalization and scalar stability calculation are derived in the wiki.

Author-hosted book: underactuated.mit.edu/

Consulted chapter: underactuated.mit.edu/lqr.html

Chapter8, Linear Quadratic Regulators: Basic Derivation and Finite-horizon LQR, positive-semidefinite state costs, positive-definite control cost, HJB minimization and differential Riccati equation with terminal data. The page displays2024 and explicitly identifies the text as working course notes; no fixed publication year is asserted for the changing whole book.

Additional consulted chapters: underactuated.csail.mit.edu/humanoids.html , Center of pressure (CoP) and Zero-moment point (ZMP), The special case of flat terrain, defines the normal-force weighted ground point and distinguishes it from center-of-mass dynamics; underactuated.csail.mit.edu/multibody.html , Time-stepping LCP: Normal force, develops the nonnegative gap/reaction complementarity model. Its time-stepping block-collision discussion explicitly identifies the perfectly inelastic impact choice. Numerical loads, pressure profiles and lifting examples in the wiki are independent calculations.

The Multi-Body Dynamics chapter Compliant Contact Models section models normal contact with a stiff spring and optional damping, permits modeled penetration to generate force, and identifies stiffness of the resulting differential equations as a numerical integration difficulty. ^[ref]

Multi-Body Dynamics, Contact modeling, contact Jacobian and generalized contact force equation: the contact Jacobian maps generalized velocities to relative contact velocities, while its transpose maps contact forces into generalized forces. The scalar normal effective-inertia calculation in the wiki is an independent frozen-configuration derivation.

Official institutional guidelines page. Sections Before–after, control–impact designs and Improvements to BACI designs discuss interaction comparisons, site-specific confounding, multiple controls and repeated sampling. No individual author or publication date assigned.

FDA guidance, May 2023. Sections I–II, printed pp. 1–2: prognostic pre-randomization covariates and precision. Institutional source; reuse live FDA entry if present. Numerical residual-variance example is an independent derivation under the stated conditional noise assumptions.