CHEBI:28802, flavonols: hydroxyflavones with the position-3 ring hydrogen replaced by a hydroxy group. Ontology identifies kaempferol and the unsubstituted parent as class members. The separate parent-molecule record www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:5078 is 3-hydroxyflavone, formula C15H10O3, average mass 238.242, IUPAC name 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one. The generic class formula containing R groups is not the formula of every individual member.

CHEBI:41688. Definition, formula C25H30N3.Cl, net charge zero, average mass 407.989 and disconnected ionic SMILES; ontology has-part relation to crystal violet cation CHEBI:77181.

Verified separate organic cation record: www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:77181 , formula C25H30N3, net charge +1, average mass 372.536. The parent chloride salt CHEBI:41688 has average mass 407.989; the difference is the chloride contribution, not a change in dye stoichiometry.

CHEBI:28499. Definition gives hydroxy positions 3, 5, 7 and 4-prime; formula C15H10O6, average mass 286.239, structural SMILES and flavonol classification. Chemical identity fields are the locators used here.

CHEBI:27881. Definition, molecular formula, structure, average mass and ontology relations to cis-resveratrol (CHEBI:36002) and trans-resveratrol (CHEBI:45713). The parent record leaves double-bond geometry unspecified.

Separate stereochemical records verified: trans-resveratrol CHEBI:45713 www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:45713 explicitly has E double-bond configuration; cis-resveratrol CHEBI:36002 www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:36002 has the cis/Z geometry. Both have formula C14H12O3, average mass 228.247 and distinct stereochemical InChI layers. The geometry-unspecified parent is not a third isomer.

CHEBI:22586. Definition and ontology: antioxidant is a chemical role opposing oxidation or inhibiting reactions caused by dioxygen or peroxides.

Primary curated chemical record: www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:33404 . CHEBI:33404, 3-hydroxypropionic acid; CAS 503-66-2. Definition, structure and formula identify a terminal hydroxy group on propionic acid, with formula C3H6O3 and SMILES O=C(O)CCO. The ontology classifies the compound as a 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, CHEBI:35969; the Names section gives 3-hydroxypropanoic acid. Last Modified is 24 January 2023; no publication date or individual authorship is inferred.

The same CHEBI:33404 record, www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/CHEBI:33404 , gives Average Mass 90.078 and lists the conjugate-base relation to 3-hydroxypropionate, CHEBI:16510, in the Ontology section. These support the species distinction and the mass-to-molar concentration conversion in 3-hydroxypropionic acid.

Primary curated record CHEBI:29805. Formula C2H3O3, net charge -1, average mass 75.043 and SMILES O=C([O-])CO. The ontology explicitly identifies glycolate as the conjugate base of glycolic acid and lists sodium glycolate as containing a glycolate part. The record gives hydroxyacetate as its IUPAC name.

Primary source: goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05705/pdf

Verified locator: Primary IUPAC definition S05705, separation chiefly according to hydrodynamic volume in porous non-adsorbing material; source Purple Book p. 69. Used to distinguish physical separation from molecular-mass inference and sample-fraction selection.

Primary identity record: webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C50215&Units=SI . NIST Chemistry WebBook, CAS 50-21-5. Other Names includes 2-hydroxypropanoic acid and alpha-hydroxypropanoic acid, linking the lactic-acid name to the hydroxyl position. Identity and nomenclature are used here; no cosmetic or clinical treatment claims are inferred.

Entry F02486, DOI 10.1351/goldbook.F02486. Defines the parent H2NN=CHN=NH and derivatives obtained by carbon and/or nitrogen substitution. Underlying primary terminology recommendation: Pure and Applied Chemistry 67 (1995), 1307–1375, definition on p. 1336. Indexed primary entry verified; formula in the article is the stated parent connectivity.

SRD 69 identity record headed Acetic acid, hydroxy-. Formula C2H4O3, molecular weight 76.0514, CAS 79-14-1, structural InChI and names glycolic acid, hydroxyacetic acid and hydroxyethanoic acid. The recorded connectivity is HOCH2COOH. The entry identifies the neutral acid rather than a glycolate salt.

Primary source: goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/15278

Verified locator: Primary IUPAC definition, entry 15278: carboxylic ester linkages in the polymer backbone; note 4 excludes polymers containing only pendent ester groups. Source glossary: Pure and Applied Chemistry 81 (2009), p. 1154. Official indexed definition verified; direct reader returned 403.

Primary source: www.kureha.co.jp/en/business/material/pdf/Kuredux_en.pdf

Verified locator: Kureha Corporation technical brochure, March 2022, cover date. PDF p. 2 gives the PGA repeat structure and hydrolytic decomposition to glycolic acid; PDF p. 3 describes retained dry-residue measurements after water exposure, with temperature-labelled curves. Only the chemical structure and stated experiment are used, not unverified universal lifetime or comparative marketing claims.

IUPAC Gold Book entry 08180, ionic liquid. The primary indexed definition describes a liquid consisting of ions and notes the frequent restricted convention using melting or glass-transition temperatures below 100 degrees Celsius. Direct primary page access returned403. The article distinguishes that conventional cutoff from the narrower room-temperature-liquid condition.

Philip Hodge and Abdel Chakiri, DOI 10.1039/C5PY00272A. Primary accepted manuscript: pubs.rsc.org/en/content/getauthorversionpdf/c5py00272a . Its first manuscript page gives both authors, the Manchester affiliation and the Abstract: macrocyclic olefins from deoxycholic acid underwent entropically driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization to functionalized polymers. Transparent films are reported; suitability for supporting cell growth is a proposed use, not a demonstrated clinical result.

Przemyslaw Kubisa, Progress in Polymer Science 29, 3–12 (2004), DOI 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2003.10.002. The indexed publisher Abstract describes ionic liquids as polymerization solvents and discusses kinetic effects and catalyst separation. Primary publisher content was verified through indexed text; direct fetch was HTTP403.

Marguerite Rinaudo, Macromolecular Bioscience 6(8), 590–610 (2006), DOI 10.1002/mabi.200600053. The full primary byline and CERMAV-CNRS affiliation are supplied by PubMed. Abstract: non-covalent interactions, including ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding, influence polysaccharide conformation, solubility, local stiffness and gelation.

Primary project description. It names Michel Vert as chairman and discusses polymer-based therapeutic aids needed for limited periods, including resorbable fixation, sutures and delivery systems. Used for the project motivation and leadership rather than for clinical performance claims.

Primary IUPAC author index explicitly associates K.-H. Hellwich with Karl-Heinz Hellwich and lists his coauthorship of A brief guide to polymer nomenclature (IUPAC Technical Report), 2012, volume 84, pages 2167–2169, as well as biorelated-polymer terminology. Used for documented nomenclature contributions; no individual authorship of a particular naming rule is inferred.

NIST certificate issued 22 October 2026. Page 1 gives the stoichiometric formula and describes calcium/phosphorus measurements by X-ray fluorescence and ICP-OES. Page 2 gives certified elemental mass fractions and Ca/P ratio. Appendix A, Tables A1–A2, supplies powder-diffraction positions and lattice parameters as values of potential interest, explicitly not certified values. Page 5 describes Cu K-alpha diffraction with a rotating-anode source and scintillation detector.