Brownian martingale proof of Gaussian concentration

ID: brownian-martingale-proof-of-gaussian-concentration

For a standard Gaussian vector and a smooth Lipschitz function with , represent its centered value as the terminal martingale . The Itô formula gives gradient integrand , whose norm is at most . Its terminal quadratic variation is therefore at most . The Dambis-Dubins-Schwarz theorem bounds the terminal deviation by a maximum of Brownian motion over . Symmetry, the Brownian reflection principle, and the Gaussian tail bound give the displayed inequality. The square on the Lipschitz constant is essential by scaling.

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