An matrix has full row rank when its matrix rank is , equivalently when its rows are linearly independent vectors. This requires . Its column space is all of , so the represented linear map is surjective and every linear system is solvable. If , its nullity is , so solutions are not unique.[ref]
One-to-one and Onto Transformations. Interactive Linear Algebra, §3.2.2, Onto matrix transformations theorem and Tall matrices do not have onto transformations
For example, the matrix transpose of the matrix in full column rank isIt has full row rank two. Every output has solutions , with . A square matrix of size has full row rank and full column rank together exactly when its matrix rank is ; then it is an invertible matrix. A nonsquare matrix cannot have both properties, and has no two-sided inverse: such an inverse would make its linear map a linear isomorphism between vector spaces of different dimensions.
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