Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-physics-a-course-of-the-university-of-cambridge/2018/paper-1/section-a/a5/solution

Use an unloaded RC low-pass filter: a series resistor between the source and the output node, with a capacitor from that node to ground, and measure the output across the capacitor. The components are ideal in this first-order model; “ideal” here does not mean a brick-wall frequency response.
The time constant is , hence
The capacitive electrical impedance gives the transfer function , so
On the magnitude Bode plot, . The gain approaches for , is at , and falls with slope per decade for . These results assume negligible source resistance beyond the specified and a sufficiently large load impedance.
Figure 1.
Unloaded RC low-pass circuit and its first-order Bode magnitude
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