Solution

ID: past-exam-of-the-symmetry-and-relativity-course-of-the-university-of-oxford/2019/1/c/solution

The upper-left panel shows the three causal structure regions, with null boundaries included in the appropriate causal future and causal past. For the charged trajectory, use part b with , choosing the direction so that . The electric field gives the constant three-force and hence the shifted hyperbola
It starts with a vertical tangent at the origin, stays strictly inside the future light cone, and asymptotes to . The other panels implement the coordinate and topology changes used below; they are original spacetime diagrams, not copies of source artwork.
Figure 1.
Causal regions in Minkowski spacetime and in spatially or temporally periodic flat spacetimes
. Blue denotes the causal future, orange the causal past, green events in neither, and purple membership in both. The top panels use ordinary and boosted inertial coordinates. The spatial quotient identifies vertical edges and shows the accelerated worldline wrapping across them. The temporal quotient identifies horizontal edges; every event belongs to both causal sets. Details.

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