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Portrait of Joseph Fourier
. Attributed to Pierre-Claude Gautherot (died 1825), circa 1802–1803; Musée d'Auxerre; reproduction source listed on Commons. Public domain (life-plus-100, pre-1931 U.S. publication), faithful reproduction / PD-Art. Source and usage information on the linked Wikimedia file page. Source.
Joseph Fourier (1768–1830) was a French mathematician and physicist best known for his work in the fields of heat transfer and vibrations. He is most famous for introducing the concept of Fourier series and Fourier transforms, which are mathematical tools used to decompose periodic functions or signals into their constituent frequencies.