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A quantum well confines a particle in one spatial direction while allowing motion along the layer. In a semiconductor heterostructure, band offsets can create that confinement. The following finite square well model makes the resulting discrete transverse energy levels explicit.
A quantum well is a potential energy structure where charge carriers (such as electrons and holes) are confined in a very thin region, typically on the nanometer scale. This confinement occurs in one dimension, allowing the carriers to move freely in the other two dimensions. Quantum wells are a key component in various semiconductor devices and have a significant impact on their electronic and optical properties.