A broad class of structurally disordered carbon materials. Historical examples can contain small graphitic domains and impurities; the label does not establish one unique allotrope.
A carbon-rich geological material with complex organic and mineral composition; it is not pure elemental carbon.
The carbon-rich porous residue produced by destructive distillation of suitable coal, used in traditional iron smelting.
A carbon-rich, generally impure product of heating wood or other suitable organic material with restricted air access.
A particulate carbon-rich product of incomplete combustion, with structure and impurities depending on formation conditions.
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