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Anoxygenic photosynthesis captures light without producing molecular oxygen. It occurs in some bacteria and uses Electron sources other than water. Whether carbon fixation accompanies this light capture depends on the organism and conditions; photosynthesis does not imply one universal carbon-assimilation pathway. See Alberts et al.: chloroplasts and photosynthetic bacteria.

Oxygenic photosynthesis uses water as an Electron source and releases molecular oxygen. Plants, algae and cyanobacteria provide examples. The defining distinction from anoxygenic photosynthesis is molecular oxygen release, not merely capture of light.