Every red-blue finite coloring of the pairs of positive integers has either a blue complete arithmetic progression of any prescribed finite length , or two disjoint -term arithmetic progressions with all cross-pairs red. To see the geometry, assign a chosen red pair of indices in its progression, assuming the first alternative fails. Apply the Gallai theorem for an integer lattice to the fixed finite patternIn a monochromatic copy with common label , the selected red pairs are preciselyThe copy lies in the positive quadrant, so . Consequently the two displayed arithmetic progressions are disjoint. Translating the finite pattern before applying the lattice theorem permits its initially negative coordinates.
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