A galvanometer using oppositely directed, nearly equal magnetic dipole moments to reduce the net restoring torque of the approximately uniform terrestrial field. It still needs a weak restoring mechanism for a reproducible deflection; it does not shield the needles from that field.
The historical Leopoldo Nobili instrument combines a many-turn coil with an astatic needle pair. In a common geometry one needle responds strongly to the coil while its oppositely magnetized companion reduces the terrestrial restoring torque.[ref]

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