The canonical momentum is , so the Hamiltonian density and total energy are
The Euler-Lagrange field equation is . Multiplication by gives the local conservation of energy identity
Thus is conserved when the energy flux vanishes at spatial infinity. For finite energy with asymptotically constant fields, the endpoints must be scalar-field vacua, where .
Choose an antiderivative . For either sign , completing the square gives
Choosing to make the boundary term nonnegative proves the Bogomolny bound
These Bogomolny equations obtained by square completion for a one-dimensional kink describe minima within a fixed endpoint sector when a saturating configuration exists. Differentiating the spatial equation gives wherever , with smooth extension to its limiting scalar-field vacua. The absolute minimum across all sectors is a constant zero-potential scalar-field vacuum when one exists; the nontrivial minima are sector-specific kinks.
For , write . The scalar-field vacua are . A static finite-energy solution has the first integral
because differentiating its left side gives , and its value is zero at infinity. In either adjacent interval, . Set . The first-order equation becomes , with , and separation gives . Hence
For the endpoints are ; for they are . Thus there are four oriented static kink families, up to translation, namely two increasing kinks and two decreasing antikinks. Each has rest energy
A static field joining directly to would have to pass through at finite . The first integral then gives , and the Picard-Lindelöf theorem applied to the smooth second-order equation with those initial conditions forces . Therefore there is no such additional kink; this is the intermediate-vacuum obstruction to a kink. The Bogomolny classification of a rescaled phi-six kink also shows that if , only the scalar-field vacuum remains and there is no nontrivial finite-energy static kink. Indeed the first integral gives a monotone field wherever it is nonzero, precluding a return to the same scalar-field vacuum.
Figure 1.
Four oriented elementary phi-six kink profiles connecting adjacent vacua, with equal rest energy
. Details.
A Lorentz boost of the profile gives a moving solution with arbitrary :
If denotes the static profile and , then , proving the Euler-Lagrange field equation directly. Its energy is : since , changing variable to in the energy integral gives the factor . Reversing or yields the other moving elementary profiles.