Clifford Shull and J. Samuel Smart used neutron diffraction to detect antiferromagnetism. Oppositely oriented magnetic sublattices can have no net bulk magnetization, yet their spatial order produces a distinct scattering pattern because neutrons interact with magnetic moments. The experiment therefore probes internal magnetic arrangement, not just the total magnetic moment of a sample. It established neutron scattering as a way to reveal ordered magnetism that bulk magnetic measurements can conceal.[ref]
Detection of Antiferromagnetism by Neutron Diffraction by Clifford Glenwood Shull and J. Samuel Smart. Physical Review 76, 1256–1257 (1949), magnetic diffraction from opposing sublattices
A physicist who developed neutron scattering experiments and became a professor of physics at MIT.[ref]
Clifford Glenwood Shull 1915–2001. Independent professional research and appointment; see profile text
Portrait of Clifford Shull
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Clifford Shull was an American scientist and a Nobel Laureate in Physics, recognized for his pioneering work in the field of neutron scattering. He was born on September 23, 1915, and passed away on March 31, 2001. Shull, along with his colleague Bertram N.