The statistical properties of atmospheric and related oceanic conditions over an extended period, including means, variability and extremes. Radiation budgets, ocean circulation and atmospheric transport help determine its large-scale structure.
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Climate refers to the long-term patterns and averages of weather conditions in a particular region over an extended period, typically decades to millions of years. It encompasses various elements such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind patterns, and the presence of weather phenomena. Unlike weather, which describes short-term atmospheric conditions, climate provides a broader perspective on what one can generally expect in a given area throughout the seasons and years.