Let the scale factor grow by from an initially thermal photon distribution. geodesic redshift gives , and conserving photons in corresponding comoving frequency bins gives . Inserting Planck's law leaves the same spectral form at temperature . Total photon-number conservation alone would not prove that the entire radiation spectrum stays Planckian; frequency redshift and collisionless propagation are also required. Absorption, injection or spectral mixing can invalidate this one-temperature argument.

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