Transmission measurements determine line integrals of an absorption coefficient after taking the logarithm of incident intensity divided by transmitted intensity. Under the ideal straight-ray model, these measurements are a Radon transform; filtered backprojection reconstructs a planar slice. Angular coverage, calibration and noise control matter because differentiating measured projections amplifies high frequencies. In contrast, single-photon emission computed tomography reconstructs an emitting source through a possibly attenuating medium.
A dimensionless relative attenuation value calibrated so that water is zero and air is approximately . It depends on the computed tomography spectrum and material composition. It is not directly a linear attenuation coefficient at the energy used in positron emission tomography.
X-ray tomography at a scale that can resolve small skeletal features without destroying a specimen. Segmentation and resolution constrain anatomical interpretation.
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