Let distinct nonorthogonal pure states have overlap magnitude , and let one quantum channel take identical inputs to outputs. Let be the respective probabilities that a test for the ideal -copy pure state fails. Trace distance contraction, its triangle inequality and the pure-target upper bound on trace distance give . Squaring with the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality gives the displayed strategy-independent positive bound. It establishes both a worst-case bound and an equal-prior average bound. Averaging rotated pairs establishes a positive Haar-average bound for unknown qubit inputs, without assuming independent clone errors.
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