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Émile Verdet studied optics and magnetism, particularly the Faraday effect. A magnetic field along the propagation direction changes the orientation of linearly polarized light. In a uniform sample the measured optical rotation is written $\theta =VBL$, where $B$ is the longitudinal magnetic flux density, $L$ the path length, and $V$ the Verdet constant at the specified wavelength and temperature. The coefficient links an angular optical measurement with the material's magneto-optical response.^[ref]

A physicist.^[ref]

The Verdet constant is the coefficient relating Faraday rotation to the magnetic flux density path integral. Its SI units are $\mathrm{rad}{\mathrm{T}}^{-1}{\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$. It depends on material, wavelength and temperature; a sign requires the stated viewing convention.^[ref]

The name commemorates Émile Verdet. For nonuniform material or temperature, use $\theta =\int V(\ell )B_{\parallel }(\ell )d\ell$ when the local scalar description remains valid. A single central magnetic field reading cannot generally replace this weighted integral. Strong additional linear birefringence or appreciable circular dichroism requires following the full polarization of an electromagnetic wave, rather than treating the output as merely a rotated line.