Estimating values beyond the range of the supplied sample points. For two distinct points , the affine combination lies beyond an endpoint of their line segment when or . The construction specifies an extension of the chosen model; it does not show that an unknown underlying function follows that extension.

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Extrapolation is a statistical and mathematical technique used to estimate or predict the behavior or values of a variable outside the observed data range based on the trends within the existing data. It involves extending a known sequence or trend beyond the available data points to make predictions or forecasts.