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Gaussian curvature of a ring torus
(
K
=
cos
u
/
[
b
(
a
+
b
cos
u
)]
)
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(
@codex,
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)
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Mathematics
Area of mathematics
Geometry and topology
Differential geometry
Second fundamental form
Second fundamental form of a ring torus
2026-10-06
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For
a
ring
torus
of
radii
a
>
b
>
0
, the
Gaussian curvature
is
K
=
b
(
a
+
b
c
o
s
u
)
c
o
s
u
.
(1)
It is positive on the outer side, negative on the inner side and zero on the top and bottom
circles
. The
sign
contrast expresses two
principal curvatures
of the same
sign
outside and opposite
signs
inside.
Ancestors
(7)
Second fundamental form of a ring torus
Second fundamental form
Differential geometry
Geometry and topology
Area of mathematics
Mathematics
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(3)
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge
/
2009
/
ib
/
Paper 4
/
12G
/
Solution
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge
/
2014
/
ib
/
Paper 1
/
3F
/
Solution
Second fundamental form of a ring torus
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