For a matrix with independent standard normal entries, is a Gaussian empirical Gram matrix and has expectation equal to the identity. With mean known to be zero it is the raw empirical second moment. Subtracting a sample mean would give a different estimator. On any fixed unit vector its quadratic form is a chi-squared variable divided by .
For with independent standard Gaussian rows in dimension , combine a constant-radius sphere metric net, the quadratic form net bound, the chi-squared concentration inequality, and a union bound. This gives for a numerical . Taking larger than a constant times gives exponential decay in . The subspace is fixed, so no union over supports is needed.

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