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The Schur algebra is the commutant of place permutations on a tensor power. It is the linear span of the diagonal general linear group action, by Schur–Weyl duality. Modules over $S(m,n)$ correspond to homogeneous degree-$n$ polynomial representations. Over the complex numbers it is a semisimple algebra: decompose the tensor power as a module for the semisimple group algebra $\mathbb{C}{S}_n$, and take its endomorphism algebra.

A Schur module is the value of a Schur functor on a vector space. Over the complex numbers it is either zero or an irreducible polynomial representation of the general linear group. Its character is the Schur polynomial $s_{\lambda }$ in the eigenvalues, and its highest weight is $\lambda$ padded with zeros.

The commuting actions of the symmetric group and the general linear group on a tensor power are mutual commutants. The displayed sum ranges over partitions with at most $\dim V$ rows. The Specht modules and Schur modules are the simple factors for the two actions. In particular a primitive Young symmetrizer selects one copy of the matching Schur module.

Every nonidentity transvection has an adapted basis in which it is $I+E_{12}$. Thus all such maps are conjugate in the general linear group. In dimension at least three, a scaling of a third basis vector centralizes this matrix and has arbitrary nonzero determinant; adjusting a conjugator by this scaling proves conjugacy in the special linear group as well.

// Target: algebra.bigb

The unitriangular group ${\mathrm{UT}}_n(F)$ consists of upper triangular matrices over a field $F$ with every diagonal entry equal to one. Every such matrix is $I_n+N$ for a strictly upper triangular matrix $N$. Products have the same form, and $N^n=0$ gives the inverseThus these matrices form a subgroup of the general linear group. The case ${\mathrm{UT}}_3({\mathbb{F}}_3)$ is noncommutative but every element has cube equal to the identity matrix: $(I_3+N{)}^3=I_3$ because $N^3=0$ and $3=0$ in the finite field ${\mathbb{F}}_3$.

The standard-tableau right-ideal decomposition of $\mathbb{C}{S}_n$, tensored over that algebra with $V^{\otimes n}$, gives this direct sum of general linear group modules. With $e_t=h_t/H_{\lambda }$, the map $e_t\mathbb{C}{S}_n\otimes T\to e_{t}T$ is an isomorphism. Individual summands generally need not be symmetric group submodules; instead each is a Schur module for the commuting action.