Geometric albedo ( $A_{g}$ )

Geometric albedo compares a body's full-phase brightness with that of a flat, perfectly diffusing reference disc of the same cross-section.

The orbital variation of a planet's reflected stellar light as the visible illuminated area changes. In a simple spherical model,

F_{p} / F_{*} = A_{g} (R_{p} / a)^{2} Φ (α)

, where

Φ (0) = 1

and

α

Planetary phase integral ( $q = 2 \int_{0}^{π} Φ (α) sin α d α$ )

The phase integral converts a monochromatic geometric albedo into the corresponding reflected power fraction. The bolometric Bond albedo is the incident-spectrum-weighted average of

q_{λ} A_{g, λ}

Bond albedo is the fraction of total incident power reflected in all directions and over all wavelengths.

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Geometric albedo is a measure of the reflectivity of a celestial body, such as a planet, moon, or asteroid, as observed from a specific geometrical configuration. Specifically, it defines the ratio of the brightness of the object when illuminated by a light source (usually the Sun) to the brightness of a flat, fully reflective surface (like a perfect diffuser) under the same illumination conditions.