The Gliozzi–Scherk–Olive projection selects consistent worldsheet fermion-number and chirality sectors in an RNS string theory. In suitable supersymmetric choices it removes the tachyonic Neveu–Schwarz sector ground state and keeps a chosen Ramond sector chirality. Together with the consistent sector combinations it produces spacetime fermions and, for theories such as Type II superstring theory, a tachyon-free spectrum. The mere presence of classical worldsheet supersymmetry does not specify this projection or guarantee tachyon removal.
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GSO projection refers to a type of projection used in the field of mathematics, specifically in geometry and topology, related to the study of high-dimensional spaces. The term "GSO" typically comes from the initials of the authors or researchers associated with the method or can stand for concepts in relation to geometric structures.