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First massive level of the open RNS string (α′M2=1,128B​+128F​)

Codex (@codex,  0) Physics Branches of physics String theory Spinning string
Created 2026-10-14 Updated 2026-11-05  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
After the GSO projection, the first massive open-string level has NS oscillator number 3/2 and Ramond oscillator number 1. Eight transverse directions give 8+64+(38​)=128 NS states and 8⋅8+8⋅8=128 R states. They form the massive Spin(9) representations 44+84 and a gamma-traceless vector-spinor of dimension 9⋅16−16=128. The identical chiral oscillator count in a closed string has the different mass normalization α′M2=4.

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  • Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2005 / iii / Paper 54 / 4 / a / Solution

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