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Geneticist and first author of the original FOXP2 speech-and-language study. Lai and collaborators connected a mutation in a forkhead-domain gene with a severe inherited disorder, providing a molecular entry point into studying speech and language development.^[ref]

An inherited disorder is a disorder associated with a genetic variant transmitted from a parent. Dominant, recessive and sex-linked patterns describe different relationships between inheritance and expression. Inherited risk need not imply certainty of disease because penetrance, other genes and environment can affect the outcome. A genetic condition caused by a new mutation in an individual is genetic without necessarily having been inherited from a parent. ^[ref]

An inherited disorder caused by pathogenic variation in beta-globin, classically the haemoglobin-S substitution. Genotyping detects the allele; interpretation also depends on the other inherited globin allele.