The Jukes-Cantor model is a symmetric four-state continuous-time Markov chain for DNA evolution. Each change to a specified different base has rate , so the total rate of actual changes is . Its same-base probability is and its probability for one specified different base is . The probability of any mismatch is three times the latter, tending to at long times. Distinguish the exponent parameter from the actual per-site mutation rate when fitting this model.
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